ArticleMolecules and cells2015
Oral Administration of Gintonin Attenuates Cholinergic Impairments by Scopolamine, Amyloid-β Protein, and Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.
Article in Molecules and cells, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Gintonin Binds to Reduced LPA4 Receptor Subtype in Human Cortical Neurons in Alzheimer's Disease Brains.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Gintonin-EnrichedFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Study on the Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Gintonin in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Its Relationship with TRPV1, TRPV4, and NaV1.5.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Emerging evidence that ginseng components improve cognition in subjective memory impairment, mild cognitive impairment, and early Alzheimer's disease dementia.Journal of ginseng research · 2024Review
- Atypical formations of gintonin lysophosphatidic acids as new materials and their beneficial effects on degenerative diseases.Journal of ginseng research · 2024Review
- Active Compounds ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Cognitive function improvement effects of gintonin-enriched fraction in subjective memory impairment: An assessor- and participant-blinded placebo-controlled study.Journal of ginseng research · 2023Article
- Review
- Mountain-cultivated ginseng protects against cognitive impairments in aged GPx-1 knockout mice via activation of Nrf2/ChAT/ERK signaling pathway.Journal of ginseng research · 2023Article
- Neurohormetic phytochemicals in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2022Review
- Pharmacological sequestration of mitochondrial calcium uptake protects against dementia and β-amyloid neurotoxicity.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Safety and efficacy of dietary supplement (gintonin-enriched fraction from ginseng) in subjective memory impairment: A randomized placebo-controlled trial.Integrative medicine research · 2022Article
- Effect of the Gintonin-Enriched Fraction on Glucagon-Like-Protein-1 Release.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Effects of Gintonin-enriched fraction on the gene expression of six lysophosphatidic receptor subtypes.Journal of ginseng research · 2021Article
- Inhibitory activity of gintonin on inflammation in human IL-1β-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes and collagen-induced arthritis in mice.Journal of ginseng research · 2021Article
- Effects of gintonin-enriched fraction on hippocampal gene expressions.Integrative medicine research · 2021Article
- Ginseng gintonin attenuates the disruptions of brain microvascular permeability and microvascular endothelium junctional proteins in an APPswe/PSEN-1 double-transgenic mouse model of Αlzheimer's disease.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- Cognitive improvement effect of gintonin might be associated with blood-brain barrier permeability enhancement: dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI pilot study.Translational and clinical pharmacology · 2021Article
- Ginseng gintonin, aging societies, and geriatric brain diseases.Integrative medicine research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gintonin is a novel ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand. Oral administration of gintonin ameliorates learning and memory dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal models. The brain cholinergic system plays a key role in cognitive functions. The brains of AD patients show a reduction in acetylcholine concentration caused by cholinergic system impairments. However, little is known about the role of LPA in the cholinergic system. In this study, we used gintonin to investigate the effect of LPA receptor activation on the cholinergic system in vitro and in vivo using wild-type and AD animal models. Gintonin induced [Ca(2+)]i transient in cultured mouse hippocampal neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Gintonin-mediated [Ca(2+)]i transients were linked to stimulation of acetylcholine release through LPA receptor activation. Oral administration of gintonin-enriched fraction (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg, 3 weeks) significantly attenuated scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Oral administration of gintonin (25 or 50 mg/kg, 2 weeks) also significantly attenuated amyloid-β protein (Aβ)-induced cholinergic dysfunctions, such as decreased acetylcholine concentration, decreased choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and immunoreactivity, and increased acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity. In a transgenic AD mouse model, long-term oral administration of gintonin (25 or 50 mg/kg, 3 months) also attenuated AD-related cholinergic impairments. In this study, we showed that activation of G protein-coupled LPA receptors by gintonin is coupled to the regulation of cholinergic functions. Furthermore, this study showed that gintonin could be a novel agent for the restoration of cholinergic system damages due to Aβ and could be utilized for AD prevention or therapy.
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