ArticleScientific reports2015
Gene expression in breastmilk cells is associated with maternal and infant characteristics.
Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed.
- Source of human milk (mother or donor) is more important than fortifier type (human or bovine) in shaping the preterm infant microbiome.Cell reports. Medicine · 2022Trial
- From lactation to malignancy: A comparison between healthy and cancerous breast gland at single-cell resolution reveals new issues for tumorigenesis.FEBS letters · 2025Article
- The Home as a Modulator of Milk Immunity: Association Between Domestic Factors and Immune Cell Populations in Human Breast Milk.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Equine Colostrum-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Potential Resource for Veterinary Regenerative Medicine.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Breast Milk Stem Cells in the Treatment of Neonatal Diseases.Current stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Dynamic change, influencing factors, and clinical impact of cellular components in human breast milk.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Parental factors that impact the ecology of human mammary development, milk secretion, and milk composition-a report from "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Working Group 1.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Comparison ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Influence of Perinatal Factors on Gene Expression of IAPs Family and Main Factors of Pluripotency:International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Are active efflux transporters contributing to infant drug exposure via breastmilk? A longitudinal study.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2022Article
- The Effect of Infant Gastric Digestion on Human Maternal Milk Cells.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the Impact of Pregnancy-Associated Factors on the Quality of Wharton's Jelly-Derived Stem Cells Using SOX2 Gene Expression as a Marker.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Profiling of mature-stage human breast milk cells identifies six unique lactocyte subpopulations.Science advances · 2022Article
- Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Breast Milk: MicroRNA Contents and Potential Epigenetic Effects.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Cellular and transcriptional diversity over the course of human lactation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Milk Transmission of HTLV-1 and the Need for Innovative Prevention Strategies.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Integration of Single-Cell Transcriptomics With a High Throughput Functional Screening Assay to Resolve Cell Type, Growth Kinetics, and Stemness Heterogeneity Within the Comma-1D Cell Line.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Genetics, epigenetics and transgenerational transmission of obesity in children.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Extracellular vesicle miRNAs in breast milk of obese mothers.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Human Breast Milk: From Food to Active Immune Response With Disease Protection in Infants and Mothers.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Breastmilk is a rich source of cells with a heterogeneous composition comprising early-stage stem cells, progenitors and more differentiated cells. The gene expression profiles of these cells and their associations with characteristics of the breastfeeding mother and infant are poorly understood. This study investigated factors associated with the cellular dynamics of breastmilk and explored variations amongst women. Genes representing different breastmilk cell populations including mammary epithelial and myoepithelial cells, progenitors, and multi-lineage stem cells showed great variation in expression. Stem cell markers ESRRB and CK5, myoepithelial marker CK14, and lactocyte marker α-lactalbumin were amongst the genes most highly expressed across all samples tested. Genes exerting similar functions, such as either stem cell regulation or milk production, were found to be closely associated. Infant gestational age at delivery and changes in maternal bra cup size between pre-pregnancy and postpartum lactation were associated with expression of genes controlling stemness as well as milk synthesis. Additional correlations were found between genes and dyad characteristics, which may explain abnormalities related to low breastmilk supply or preterm birth. Our findings highlight the heterogeneity of breastmilk cell content and its changes associated with characteristics of the breastfeeding dyad that may reflect changing infant needs.
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