ReviewJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2015
G-CSF and GM-CSF in Neutropenia.
Review in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 202 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
202 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 361 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and Efficacy of Efbemalenograstim Alfa for Patients at Risk for Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of recombinant human GM-CSF compared to placebo for autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Safety of trastuzumab deruxtecan: A meta-analysis and pharmacovigilance study.Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Optimizing the Treatment Schedule of Radiotherapy Combined With Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy in Metastatic Cancers.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Comparisons of therapeutic efficacy and safety of ipilimumab plus GM-CSF versus ipilimumab alone in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis of outcomes.Drug design, development and therapy · 2018Pooled it
- Granulocyte colony stimulating factor therapy for stroke: A pairwise meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- 8MW0511, a novel, long-acting granulocyte-colony stimulating factor fusion protein for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia: final results from the phase III clinical trial.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Trial
- PD-1 Inhibitor Combined With Radiotherapy and GM-CSF (PRaG) in Patients With Metastatic Solid Tumors: An Open-Label Phase II Study.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Late-Onset Neutropenia After Rituximab in Multiple Sclerosis: Incidence, Predictors, and Outcomes in a Retrospective Multicenter Cohort.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Endolysosomal routing combined with immune stimulation enhances anti-tumor efficacy of an HPV16 mRNA therapeutic vaccine.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Further Support of Autosomal Recessive CSF3-Related Severe Congenital Neutropenia.Clinical genetics · 2026Article
- Exploring the GM-CSF histidine triad as a modulator of structure, molecular motion, and ligand binding.RSC chemical biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a potential risk marker for febrile neutropenia (FN) in breast and ovarian cancer during first-cycle chemotherapy.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- LA-GM-CSF, a Long-Acting Cytokine Mitigates and Prevents H-ARS Mediated Lethality in Mice Exposed to Total Body Gamma Radiation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- IL10R Inhibition Induces Neutrophil Tumoricidal Activity.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Response to recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in reticular dysgenesis.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Comparison of the Efficacy of Filgrastim and an InactivatedAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Article
- Phenotypic Variability Associated with Jagunal Homolog 1 (JAGN1) Deficiency Caused by the c.63G>T Variant.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
142 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
G-CSF and GM-CSF are used widely to promote the production of granulocytes or APCs. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved G-CSF (filgrastim) for the treatment of congenital and acquired neutropenias and for mobilization of peripheral hematopoietic progenitor cells for stem cell transplantation. A polyethylene glycol-modified form of G-CSF is approved for the treatment of neutropenias. Clinically significant neutropenia, rendering an individual immunocompromised, occurs when their number is <1500/μl. Current guidelines recommend their use when the risk for febrile neutropenia is >20%. GM-CSF (sargramostim) is approved for neutropenia associated with stem cell transplantation. Because of its promotion of APC function, GM-CSF is being evaluated as an immunostimulatory adjuvant in a number of clinical trials. More than 20 million persons have benefited worldwide, and >$5 billion in sales occur annually in the United States.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.