Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26252980›Full record

ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2015

Effect of legal status of pharmacy syringe sales on syringe purchases by persons who inject drugs in San Francisco and San Diego, CA.

Saira S Siddiqui, Richard F Armenta, Jennifer L Evans, Michelle Yu, Jazmine Cuevas-Mota, Kimberly Page, Peter Davidson, Richard S Garfein

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Article
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  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Saira S SiddiquiGraduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Richard F ArmentaDivision of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Jennifer L EvansDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Michelle YuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Jazmine Cuevas-MotaDivision of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Kimberly PageDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Peter DavidsonDivision of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Richard S GarfeinDivision of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. Electronic address: rgarfein@ucsd.edu.

Funding

UCSF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE INSTITUTEUL1RR024131 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI JOHNSTON, S. CLAIBORNE · 2006 to 2011
$111.2M
UNM HSC Clinical and Translational Science CenterUL1TR001449 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIS CTR · PI CAMPEN, MATTHEW J, PANDHI, NANCY · 2015 to 2024
$36.9M
UCSF Liver Core CenterP30DK026743 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Holger Willenbring · 1986 to 2026
$30.7M
Acute Hepatitis C Infection in Young InjectorsR01DA016017 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIS CTR · PI PAGE, KIMBERLY · 2002 to 2018
$14.0M
Training Program in Substance Use, HIV and Related InfectionsT32DA023356 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Natasha Martin, Steffanie A Strathdee · 2007 to 2026
$7.8M
Drug tourism to Mexico: Impact of Mexicos new drug law on HIV-HCV-TB in US IDUsR01DA031074 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI GARFEIN, RICHARD S · 2011 to 2015
$3.2M
A Mixed-Method Study of Injection Drug Use Settings Among FSWs in TijuanaK01DA032443 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI DAVIDSON, PETER JOHN · 2012 to 2015
$723k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001449NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024131NIDA NIH HHS DA016017NIDA NIH HHS DA031074NIDA NIH HHS DA031074-02S1NIDA NIH HHS K01 DA032443NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA016017NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA031074NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA023356NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK 026743NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK026743
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSharing blood-contaminated syringes is the main risk factor for acquiring and transmitting blood-borne infections among persons who inject drugs (PWID). To reduce this risk, in 2005, California enacted legislation allowing local health jurisdictions to legalize non-prescription syringe sales after approving a disease prevention demonstration project (DPDP). With San Francisco approving a DPDP immediately and San Diego never approving one, we compared PWID across cities for their use of pharmacies PWID to obtain syringes.

methodsPWID age 18-30 years old were recruited into separate studies in San Francisco (n=243) and San Diego (n=338) between 2008 and 2011. We used multivariable logistic regression to compare the proportions of PWID who obtained syringes from pharmacies by city while controlling for sociodemographics, injection practices and other risk behaviors.

resultsOverall, most PWID were White (71%), male (63%), and between the ages of 18-25 years (55%). Compared to San Francisco, a smaller proportion of PWID in San Diego had bought syringes from pharmacies in the prior three months (16.9% vs. 49.8%; p<0.001), which remained statistically significant after adjusting for sociodemographic and behavioral factors (adjusted odds ratio=4.45, 95% confidence interval: 2.98, 6.65).

conclusionsUse of pharmacies to obtain syringes was greater where it was legal to do so. Public health policy can influence HIV and hepatitis C associated risk among PWID; however, implementation of these policies is crucial for the benefits to be realized.

Indexed as

Substance Abuse, IntravenousAdolescentAdultBehaviorCaliforniaFemaleHepatitis CHIV InfectionsHousingHumansLegislation, PharmacyMaleNeedle-Exchange ProgramsNeedle SharingPharmaciesSan FranciscoHealth policyHepatitis CHuman immunodeficiency virusInjection drug usePersons who inject drugsPharmaciesSyringe access

Identifiers

PMID26252980
PMCPMC4581911

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.