ArticleApplied microbiology and biotechnology2015
Fine-tuning recA expression in Staphylococcus aureus for antimicrobial photoinactivation: importance of photo-induced DNA damage in the photoinactivation mechanism.
Article in Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Illuminating the mechanism: gene expression responses to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.BMC genomics · 2026Review
- Beyond Resistance: Phenotypic Plasticity in Bacterial Responses to Antibiotics, Oxidative Stress and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Beyond Resistance: Tolerance and Resilience of Bacteria to Photodynamic and Oxidative Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Mechanisms ofmBio · 2024Article
- TMPyP binding evokes a complex, tunable nanomechanical response in DNA.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Stress response in Escherichia coli following sublethal phenalene-1-one mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: an RNA-Seq study.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2024Article
- Photodynamic treatment ofRSC medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of Ultra-High Irradiance Blue-Light-Emitting Diodes to ControlMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Polyoxometalate KInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation: An Alternative for Group BAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Genomic alterations involved in fluoroquinolone resistance development in Staphylococcus aureus.PloS one · 2023Article
- Combined Antimicrobial Blue Light and Antibiotics as a Tool for Eradication of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Exposure to b-LED Light While Exerting Antimicrobial Activity on Gram-Negative and -Positive Bacteria Promotes Transient EMT-like Changes and Growth Arrest in Keratinocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Can Gram-Negative Bacteria Develop Resistance to Antimicrobial Blue Light Treatment?International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Genetic Factors Affect the Survival and Behaviors of Selected Bacteria during Antimicrobial Blue Light Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Development of Antimicrobial Phototreatment Tolerance: Why the Methodology Matters.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Factors Determining the Susceptibility of Bacteria to Antibacterial Photodynamic Inactivation.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Colonization WithFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Development of Staphylococcus aureus tolerance to antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation and antimicrobial blue light upon sub-lethal treatment.Scientific reports · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bacterial cell envelope is generally accepted as the primary target for a photo-induced oxidative stress. It is plausible that DNA damage occurs during the antimicrobial photoinactivation. Here we investigate the correlation between DNA damage and photoinactivation by evaluating the level of RecA-based DNA repair system in Staphylococcus aureus. By using exogenous photosensitizers (new methylene blue (NMB), toluidine blue O (TBO), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrin tetra(p-toluenesulfonate) (TMPyP), zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), Rose Bengal (RB)) and ALA-induced endogenous porphyrin-dependent blue light (405 nm), several outcomes were observed: (i) an increase of DNA damage (from gel electrophoresis in DNA damage assay), (ii) an increase of recA expression (luminescence assay in recA-lux strain), and (iii) an increase of RecA protein level (Western blotting). When recA expression was repressed by novobiocin, or abolished by deleting the gene, S. aureus susceptibility towards photoinactivation was increased at approximately a hundred-fold. The absence of RecA increases DNA damage to yield bactericidal effect. In novobiocin-resistant mutant (gyrB), as opposed to wild type, neither RecA protein level nor cell's susceptibility was affected by photoinactivation (when novobiocin is present). This is to suggest that GyrB-dependent inhibition mediated recA repression. Therefore, we have established the role of RecA in DNA damage during photoinactivation. With the use of rifampicin mutation frequency and Ames tests, we demonstrated that photoinactivation did not increase S. aureus mutagenesis and potentially is not mutagenic toward eukaryotic cells. The results suggest that the treatment is considered safe. In conclusion, we provide an evidence that recA inhibitor may serve as therapeutic adjuvant for antimicrobial photoinactivation. Clinical relevance of our findings warrants further investigations.
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