ArticlePLoS pathogens2015
Widespread Reassortment Shapes the Evolution and Epidemiology of Bluetongue Virus following European Invasion.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.
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Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome Constellations Recovered Following In Vitro Co-Infection and Serial Passage of Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 1 and 16.Viruses · 2026Article
- Bluetongue virus: current perspectives on characterisation and the need to formalise nomenclature in an era of rapidly evolving technology.The Journal of general virology · 2026Review
- Genomic Epidemiology and National Seroprevalence Reveal the Widespread Distribution of Palyam Viruses in China.Viruses · 2026Article
- Optimized library preparation, sequencing, and data analysis protocols for the generation of orbivirus consensus sequences.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Bluetongue Virus Surveillance in Yunnan, China, 2025: Isolation of Multiple Serotypes From Culicoides and Seasonal Seroepidemiology in Cattle.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Live Attenuated Vaccines for African Swine Fever: Perspectives on Their Use and Strategic Directions.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Review
- Bluetongue in China: Current Status of Viruses, Vectors, Detection Methods, and Vaccines.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Review
- Bluetongue virus in carnivores: expanding the host range and implications for disease ecology.The veterinary quarterly · 2025Review
- Bluetongue's New Frontier-Are Dogs at Risk?Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Impact of BTV-3 Circulation in Belgium in 2024 and Current Knowledge Gaps Hindering an Evidence-Based Control Program.Viruses · 2025Article
- Emerging Bluetongue Virus Serotype 4 in the Balearic Islands, Spain (2021): Outbreak Investigations and Experimental Infection in Sheep.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- The MVA-VP2-NS1-2A-NS2-Nt vaccine candidate provides heterologous protection in sheep against bluetongue virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Genome sequences of the 15 bluetongue virus vaccine strains incorporated in the South African live-attenuated vaccine.Microbiology resource announcements · 2024Article
- Designing a Multiplex PCR-xMAP Assay for the Detection and Differentiation of African Horse Sickness Virus, Serotypes 1-9.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Engineering recombinant replication-competent bluetongue viruses expressing reporter genes forMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Article
- The First Report on the Complete Sequence Characterization of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 3 in the Republic of Korea.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Co-expression of VP2, NS1 and NS2-Nt proteins by an MVA viral vector induces complete protection against bluetongue virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Widespread Reassortment Contributes to Antigenic Shift in Bluetongue Viruses from South Africa.Viruses · 2023Article
- Review
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Genetic exchange by a process of genome-segment 'reassortment' represents an important mechanism for evolutionary change in all viruses with segmented genomes, yet in many cases a detailed understanding of its frequency and biological consequences is lacking. We provide a comprehensive assessment of reassortment in bluetongue virus (BTV), a globally important insect-borne pathogen of livestock, during recent outbreaks in Europe. Full-genome sequences were generated and analysed for over 150 isolates belonging to the different BTV serotypes that have emerged in the region over the last 5 decades. Based on this novel dataset we confirm that reassortment is a frequent process that plays an important and on-going role in evolution of the virus. We found evidence for reassortment in all ten segments without a significant bias towards any particular segment. However, we observed biases in the relative frequency at which particular segments were associated with each other during reassortment. This points to selective constraints possibly caused by functional relationships between individual proteins or genome segments and genome-wide epistatic interactions. Sites under positive selection were more likely to undergo amino acid changes in newly reassorted viruses, providing additional evidence for adaptive dynamics as a consequence of reassortment. We show that the live attenuated vaccines recently used in Europe have repeatedly reassorted with field strains, contributing to their genotypic, and potentially phenotypic, variability. The high degree of plasticity seen in the BTV genome in terms of segment origin suggests that current classification schemes that are based primarily on serotype, which is determined by only a single genome segment, are inadequate. Our work highlights the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms and epidemiological consequences of reassortment in BTV, as well as other segmented RNA viruses.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.