Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26251665›Full record

ArticleAIDS research and therapy2015

Changes in blood pressure, glucose levels, insulin secretion and anthropometry after long term exposure to antiretroviral therapy in South African women.

Zulfa Abrahams, Joel A Dave, Gary Maartens, Naomi S Levitt

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in AIDS research and therapy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
4.7field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in South Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Pooled it
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  6. The double burden of diabetes and global infection in low and middle-income countries.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2019
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  20. Cardiovascular risk factors among ART-experienced people with HIV in South Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019 · on this map
    Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Zulfa AbrahamsDivision of Diabetic Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Joel A DaveDivision of Diabetic Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Gary MaartensDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Naomi S LevittDivision of Diabetic Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
University of Cape Town · ZA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA number of metabolic abnormalities, such as dysglycaemia, insulin resistance, lipodystrophy and dyslipidaemia, are associated with the use of antiretroviral drugs. We aimed to assess the effects of long-term antiretroviral exposure on blood pressure, glycaemia, insulin secretion and anthropometric measures in black South African women.

methodsA convenience sample of HIV-infected women on first-line ART for a median of 16 months at baseline, had the following evaluations twice, at baseline and after approximately 5 years: anthropometry, including skin fold thicknesses, blood pressure, oral glucose test, and insulin. Insulin sensitivity and secretion (HOMA-IR, IGI and DIo) were estimated.

resultsAt baseline more than half the 103 women were using stavudine and efavirenz. The median interval between baseline and follow-up evaluation was 66 months. Weight, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio increased over time, while limb skinfold thickness decreased over time. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased significantly and the proportion of participants with hypertension increased from 3.9 to 15.5% (p < 0.001). There were increases from baseline in plasma glucose concentrations at 30 and 120 min; insulin concentrations at 0 and 30 min; and IGI and DIo. The proportion of participants with diabetes increased from 1 to 7.5% (p = 0.070).

conclusionIn black South African women with long-term exposure to ART, increases in hypertension and possibly diabetes were observed. Participants experienced an increase in central fat and a decrease in peripheral fat distribution. Early identification and management of these metabolic changes are important, especially in a region with the highest HIV-infected population in the world.

Indexed as

Antiretroviral therapyBlood pressureBody compositionDysglycaemiaHIVHypertensionLipoatrophy

Identifiers

PMID26251665
PMCPMC4526419
OpenAlexW1878417633

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.