Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26251619›Full record

ArticleOncoTargets and therapy2015

Is there any association between hormonal contraceptives and cervical neoplasia in a poor Nigerian setting?

Leonard Ogbonna Ajah, Chibuike Ogwuegbu Chigbu, Benjamin Chukwuma Ozumba, Theophilus Chimezie Oguanuo, Paul Olisaemeka Ezeonu

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in OncoTargets and therapy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 25% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Leonard Ogbonna AjahDepartment of Obstetrics and gynaecology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria ; Department of Obstetrics and gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
Chibuike Ogwuegbu ChigbuDepartment of Obstetrics and gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
Benjamin Chukwuma OzumbaDepartment of Obstetrics and gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
Theophilus Chimezie OguanuoDepartment of Obstetrics and gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
Paul Olisaemeka EzeonuDepartment of Obstetrics and gynaecology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital · NG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe association between hormonal contraception and cervical cancer is controversial. These controversies may hamper the uptake of hormonal contraceptives.

objectiveTo determine the association between hormonal contraceptives and cervical neoplasia. MATERIALS AND

methodsThis was a case-control study in which Pap-smear results of 156 participants on hormonal contraceptives were compared with those of 156 participants on no form of modern contraception. Modern contraception is defined as the use of such contraceptives as condoms, pills, injectables, intrauterine devices, implants, and female or male sterilization. Those found to have abnormal cervical smear cytology results were subjected further to colposcopy. Biopsy specimens for histology were collected from the participants with obvious cervical lesions or those with suspicious lesions on colposcopy. The results were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics at a 95% level of confidence.

resultsA total of 71 (45.5%), 60 (38.5%), and 25 (16.0%) of the participants on hormonal contraceptives were using oral contraceptives, injectable contraceptives, and implants, respectively. Cervical neoplasia was significantly more common among participants who were ≥35 years old (6% versus 1%, P<0.0001), rural dwellers (6% versus 3.5%, P<0.0001), unmarried (7.6% versus 3.5%, P<0.0001), unemployed (6.8% versus 3.5%, P<0.0001), less educated (6% versus 3.8%, P<0.0001), and had high parity (6.8% versus 3.6%, P<0.0001). There was no statistical significant difference in cervical neoplasia between the two groups of participants (7 [4.5%] versus 6 [3.8%], P=1.0).

conclusionThere was no association between hormonal contraceptives and cervical neoplasia in this study.

Indexed as

cervical neoplasiaEnuguhormonal contraceptivesNigeria

Identifiers

PMID26251619
PMCPMC4524589
OpenAlexW1837508979

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.