ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology2015
Glycomacropeptide is a prebiotic that reduces Desulfovibrio bacteria, increases cecal short-chain fatty acids, and is anti-inflammatory in mice.
Article in American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 181 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Dietary Interventions and Microbiome in Phenylketonuria.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- The Use of Glycomacropeptide in Patients with Phenylketonuria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2018Pooled it
- Metabolomic Markers of Essential Fatty Acids, Carnitine, and Cholesterol Metabolism in Adults and Adolescents with Phenylketonuria.The Journal of nutrition · 2018Trial
- Metabolomic changes demonstrate reduced bioavailability of tyrosine and altered metabolism of tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway with ingestion of medical foods in phenylketonuria.Molecular genetics and metabolism · 2017Trial
- Glycomacropeptide for nutritional management of phenylketonuria: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2016Trial
- Characterization of Nasopharyngeal Microbiota Dysbiosis in Children withMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Dairy Bioactive Compounds as Precision Modulators of Gut Microbiota: From Molecular Mechanisms to Personalized Immunometabolic Health.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From dairy by-product to cell feed: milk whey for serum-free media and scaffold development in cell-based food production.NPJ science of food · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory Role of Milk on Gut Microbiota: Implications for Enhancing Oral Vaccine Efficacy.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Pharmacological inhibition of hydrogen sulfide production mitigates constipation in a type 1 diabetes mouse model.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Global Use of Casein Glycomacropeptide Protein Substitutes for Phenylketonuria (PKU): Health Professional Perspectives.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Interplay between circadian rhythms, gut microbiota, and MASLD: from mechanistic foundations to therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Melatonin-induced restoration of the intestinal mucosal barrier in inflammatory bowel disease via activation of the SIRT1-LKB1-pAMPK axis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Digging deeper into necrotizing enterocolitis: bridging clinical, microbial, and molecular perspectives.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Whey Proteins and Bioactive Peptides: Advances in Production, Selection and Bioactivity Profiling.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- The relationship between adult phenylketonuria and the cardiovascular system - insights into mechanisms and risks.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of Acetate in Alleviating SETDB1-Linked Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of OSA.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Human milkFrontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Sibling-controlled study of the impact of dietary therapy on the gut microbiota in children with phenylketonuria.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Insights into the Donkey Hindgut Microbiome Using Metagenome-Assembled Genomes.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a 64-amino acid (AA) glycophosphopeptide with application to the nutritional management of phenylketonuria (PKU), obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). GMP is a putative prebiotic based on extensive glycosylation with sialic acid, galactose, and galactosamine. Our objective was to determine the prebiotic properties of GMP by characterizing cecal and fecal microbiota populations, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and immune responses. Weanling PKU (Pah(enu2)) and wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6 mice were fed isoenergetic AA, GMP, or casein diets for 8 wk. The cecal content and feces were collected for microbial DNA extraction to perform 16S microbiota analysis by Ion Torrent PGM sequencing. SCFA were determined by gas chromatography, plasma cytokines via a Bio-Plex Pro assay, and splenocyte T cell populations by flow cytometry. Changes in cecal and fecal microbiota are primarily diet dependent. The GMP diet resulted in a reduction from 30-35 to 7% in Proteobacteria, genera Desulfovibrio, in both WT and PKU mice with genotype-dependent changes in Bacteroidetes or Firmicutes. Cecal concentrations of the SCFA acetate, propionate, and butyrate were increased with GMP. The percentage of stimulated spleen cells producing interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was significantly reduced in mice fed GMP compared with casein. In summary, plasma concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-2 were reduced in mice fed GMP. GMP is a prebiotic based on reduction in Desulfovibrio, increased SCFA, and lower indexes of inflammation compared with casein and AA diets in mice. Functional foods made with GMP may be beneficial in the management of PKU, obesity, and IBD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.