ReviewJACC. Heart failure2015
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Heart Failure in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
Review in JACC. Heart failure, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Statin Therapy as Primary Prevention for Persons With HIV: A Synopsis of Recommendations From the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Antiretroviral Treatment Guidelines Panel.Annals of internal medicine · 2025Guideline
- Characterization and stratification of risk factors of stroke in people living with HIV: A theory-informed systematic review.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Incident Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2021Pooled it
- Noncommunicable diseases among HIV-infected persons in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Pooled it
- Heart Failure Risk and Events in People With HIV: The Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE).Circulation. Heart failure · 2026Trial
- Global epidemiology of myocarditis: disparities in age, sex and geography.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Development of a heart failure with preserved ejection fraction risk prediction score in primary care settings with a high HIV prevalence.Open heart · 2026Observational
- Improvement in Aortic Stiffness After 9 Months of Antiretroviral Therapy in Treatment-Naïve People Living with HIV.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Heart Failure Risk in HIV: From Immunodeficiency to Metabolic Complexity.Circulation. Heart failure · 2026Article
- Echocardiography in HIV Disease.Current cardiology reports · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular system characteristics in HIV/AIDS patients with talaromycosis.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas · 2026Article
- An incidental finding of Cor Triatriatum in an adult with left ventricular dysfunction and atrial flutter.Oxford medical case reports · 2025Article
- Cardiac and Renal Comorbidities in Aging People Living With HIV.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Subclinical cardiovascular remodelling in HIV-infection: A multimodal case study of 2 serodiscordant, monozygotic twins.SA heart journal · 2024Article
- Antiretroviral therapy and HIV-associated cardiovascular disease: a prospective cardiac biomarker and CMR tissue characterization study.ESC heart failure · 2024Article
- Getting to the cART of the Matter: Risk Stratification for Cardiovascular Events With HIV Infection.JACC. Advances · 2023Article
- Update on Myocarditis: From Etiology and Clinical Picture to Modern Diagnostics and Methods of Treatment.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Assessment of subclinical cardiac dysfunction by speckle-tracking echocardiography among people living with human immunodeficiency virus.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Altered cardiac structure and function in newly diagnosed people living with HIV: a prospective cardiovascular magnetic resonance study after the initiation of antiretroviral treatment.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2023Article
- Evolution of myocardial oedema and fibrosis in HIV infected persons after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy: a prospective cardiovascular magnetic resonance study.Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Successful combination therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has transformed this disease from a short-lived infection with high mortality to a chronic disease associated with increasing life expectancy. This is true for high- as well as low- and middle-income countries. As a result of this increased life expectancy, people living with HIV are now at risk of developing other chronic diseases associated with aging. Heart failure has been common among people living with HIV in the eras of pre- and post- availability of antiretroviral therapy; however, our current understanding of the pathogenesis and approaches to management have not been systematically addressed. HIV may cause heart failure through direct (e.g., viral replication, mitochondrial dysfunction, cardiac autoimmunity, autonomic dysfunction) and indirect (e.g., opportunistic infections, antiretroviral therapy, alcohol abuse, micronutrient deficiency, tobacco use) pathways. In low- and middle-income countries, 2 large observational studies have recently reported clinical characteristics and outcomes in these patients. HIV-associated heart failure remains a common cardiac diagnosis in people living with heart failure, yet a unifying set of diagnostic criteria is lacking. Treatment patterns for heart failure fall short of society guidelines. Although there may be promise in cardiac glycosides for treating heart failure in people living with HIV, clinical studies are needed to validate in vitro findings. Owing to the burden of HIV in low- and middle-income countries and the concurrent rise of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, strategic and concerted efforts in this area are likely to impact the care of people living with HIV around the globe.
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