Trial reportClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2015
HIV care continuum among men who have sex with men and persons who inject drugs in India: barriers to successful engagement.
Trial report in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01686750 (A Cluster Randomized Trial of Integrated Care Centers to Improve Access to HIV Prevention, Testing, and Treatment Services Among High-Risk Vulnerable Populations in India), which is not on this map. Cited by 53 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Cluster Randomized Trial of Integrated Care Centers to Improve Access to HIV Prevention, Testing, and Treatment Services Among High-Risk Vulnerable Populations in India
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Barriers and facilitators to primary care engagement for people who inject drugs: A systematic review.Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing · 2023Pooled it
- Why do people living with HIV not initiate treatment? A systematic review of qualitative evidence from low- and middle-income countries.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- Voucher incentives to improve viral suppression among HIV-positive people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men in India: a cluster randomised trial.The lancet. HIV · 2024Trial
- Substance use is associated with condomless anal intercourse among men who have sex with men in India: a partner-level analysis.BMC public health · 2022Trial
- Trial
- An Internet-Based, Peer-Delivered Messaging Intervention for HIV Testing and Condom Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in India (CHALO!): Pilot Randomized Comparative Trial.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Injection Drug Network Characteristics Are Important Markers of HIV Risk Behavior and Lack of Viral Suppression.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Trial
- Geometric deep learning enables high-fidelity network imputation for HIV transmission modeling.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Factors associated with non-optimal antiretroviral adherence among MSM and women living with HIV in South India: an exploratory analysis.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- Network-based strategies to combat HCV: Examining social and spatial drivers of transmission among PWID in New Delhi.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2024Article
- Network centrality and HIV prevention service use among people who inject drugs: Findings from a sociometric network cohort in New Delhi, India.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2024Observational
- Statistical methods applied for the assessment of the HIV cascade and continuum of care: a systematic scoping review.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Article
- Integration of a geospatially targeted community-based testing approach with respondent-driven sampling to identify people who inject drugs living with HIV and HCV in Patti and Gorakhpur, India.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people's health in India.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Multimorbidity classes indicate differential patterns of health care engagement among people who inject drugs.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2022Article
- Deep learning and social network analysis elucidate drivers of HIV transmission in a high-incidence cohort of people who inject drugs.Science advances · 2022Article
- Polydrug Use, Sexual Risk, and HIV Testing Among Cisgender Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men and Transgender and Nonbinary Individuals Who Have Sex With Men in Kazakhstan.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe characterize the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care continuum for men who have sex with men (MSM) and persons who inject drugs (PWID) across India.
methodsWe recruited 12 022 MSM and 14 481 PWID across 26 Indian cities, using respondent-driven sampling (September 2012 to December 2013). Participants were aged ≥18 years and either self-identified as male and reported sex with a man in the prior year (MSM) or reported injection drug use in the prior 2 years (PWID). Correlates of awareness of HIV-positive status were characterized using multilevel logistic regression.
resultsA total of 1146 MSM were HIV infected, of whom a median of 30% were aware of their HIV-positive status, 23% were linked to care, 22% were retained before antiretroviral therapy (ART), 16% had started ART, 16% were currently receiving ART, and 10% had suppressed viral loads. There was site variability (awareness range, 0%-90%; suppressed viral load range, 0%-58%). A total of 2906 PWID were HIV infected, of whom a median of 41% were aware, 36% were linked to care, 31% were retained before ART, 20% had started ART, 18% were currently receiving ART, and 15% had suppressed viral loads. Similar site variability was observed (awareness range: 2%-93%; suppressed viral load range: 0%-47%). Factors significantly associated with awareness were region, older age, being married (MSM) or female (PWID), use of other services (PWID), more lifetime sexual partners (MSM), and needle sharing (PWID). Ongoing injection drug use (PWID) and alcohol use (MSM) were associated with lower awareness.
conclusionsIn this large sample, the major barrier to HIV care engagement was awareness of HIV-positive status. Efforts should focus on linking HIV testing to other essential services. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT01686750.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.