ArticleJournal of the American Chemical Society2015
A Small-Molecule Photoactivatable Optical Sensor of Transmembrane Potential.
Article in Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Noise Sources and Strategies for Signal Quality Improvement in Biological Imaging: A Review Focused on Calcium and Cell Membrane Voltage Imaging.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Seeing the Spikes: The Future of Targetable Synthetic Voltage Sensors.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2025Review
- Orientation and Membrane Partition Free Energy of PeT-Based Voltage-Sensitive Dyes from Molecular Simulations.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2024Article
- Review
- A far-red hybrid voltage indicator enabled by bioorthogonal engineering of rhodopsin on live neurons.Nature chemistry · 2021Article
- Activity-Based Sensing: A Synthetic Methods Approach for Selective Molecular Imaging and Beyond.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2020Review
- Optical writing and single molecule reading of photoactivatable and silver nanoparticle-enhanced fluorescence.Nanoscale advances · 2020Article
- Electrophysiology, Unplugged: Imaging Membrane Potential with Fluorescent Indicators.Accounts of chemical research · 2020Review
- Covalently Tethered Rhodamine Voltage Reporters for High Speed Functional Imaging in Brain Tissue.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2020Article
- Synthesis of Sulfonated Carbofluoresceins for Voltage Imaging.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2019Article
- Fluorogenic Targeting of Voltage-Sensitive Dyes to Neurons.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2017Article
- Voltage Imaging: Pitfalls and Potential.Biochemistry · 2017Review
- Plasmonic-Based Electrochemical Impedance Imaging of Electrical Activities in Single Cells.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2017Article
- A Rationally Designed, General Strategy for Membrane Orientation of Photoinduced Electron Transfer-Based Voltage-Sensitive Dyes.ACS chemical biology · 2017Article
- Exploring cells with targeted biosensors.The Journal of general physiology · 2017Review
- Enhancement of charge transport properties of small molecule semiconductors by controlling fluorine substitution and effects on photovoltaic properties of organic solar cells and perovskite solar cells.Chemical science · 2016Article
- Small molecule fluorescent voltage indicators for studying membrane potential.Current opinion in chemical biology · 2016Review
- Isomerically Pure Tetramethylrhodamine Voltage Reporters.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2016Article
- High-Throughput Phenotyping of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes and Neurons Using Electric Field Stimulation and High-Speed Fluorescence Imaging.Assay and drug development technologiesArticle
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This paper discloses the design, synthesis, and imaging applications of the first member of a new class of SPOTs, small-molecule photoactivatable optical sensors of transmembrane potential. SPOT2.1.Cl features an established voltage-sensitive dye, VoltageFluor2.1.Cl--or VF--capped with a dimethoxy-o-nitrobenzyl (DMNB) caging group to effectively diminish fluorescence of the VF dye prior to uncaging. SPOT2.1.Cl localizes to cell membranes and displays weak fluorescence until photoactivated. Illumination generates the parent VF dye which then optically reports on changes in the membrane voltage. After photoactivation with spatially restricted light, SPOT2.1.Cl-loaded cells display bright, voltage-sensitive fluorescence associated with the plasma membrane, while neighboring cells remain dark. Activated SPOT reports on action potentials in single trials. SPOT can be activated in neuron cell bodies or uncaged in dendrites to enable structural tracing via "backfilling" of the dye to the soma, followed by functional imaging in the labeled cell. The combination of cellular specificity achieved through spatially defined patterns of illumination, coupled with the fast, sensitive, and noncapacitive voltage sensing characteristics of VF dyes makes SPOT2.1.Cl a useful tool for interrogating both structure and function of neuronal systems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.