ArticlePloS one2015
Widening the Access to HIV Testing: The Contribution of Three In-Pharmacy Testing Programmes in Spain.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence for community-based HIV testing on men's engagement in the HIV care cascade.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2022Pooled it
- HIV testing strategies employed in health care settings in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA): evidence from a systematic review.HIV medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Gene Variants Associated With Individual Sensitivity for Taste Changes After the COVID-19 Infection.BioMed research international · 2026Article
- Implementation Determinants of HIV Testing and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Community Pharmacies in Philadelphia, PA.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2025Article
- Community pharmacy-led point-of-care testing (POCT): expanding roles and strengthening health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2025Article
- Point-of-care HIV and hepatitis screening in community pharmacies: a quantitative and qualitative study.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2022Article
- Knowledge and Prior Use of HIV Self-Testing in Madrid and Barcelona among Men Who Have Sex with Men More than One Year after Its Legal Authorization in Spain.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Awareness and Use of HIV Self-Testing Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Remains Low in Spain 2 Years After Its Authorization.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Sexual and reproductive health services provided by community pharmacists: a scoping review.BMJ open · 2021Article
- The incorporation of HIV self-testing as an exclusive option among men who have sex with men in Spain: results of an online cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Expanding access to HIV testing through Canadian community pharmacies: findings from the APPROACH study.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Role and impact of pharmacists in Spain: a scoping review.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2018Article
- HIV testing week 2015: lowering barriers for HIV testing among high-risk groups in Amsterdam.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveSpain has implemented several in-pharmacy HIV testing programmes performed by pharmacists as part of their everyday routine. We aim to assess the feasibility and the main outcomes of three programmes implemented in three Spanish regions with different sociological profiles and also different epidemiology for HIV.
methodsThe characteristics of the 24151 people tested between 2009 and 2013 at 74 urban pharmacies are studied. We compare the main outcomes of the programmes with those of each Regional HIV Surveillance System (RHSS) assessing the contribution to the total new diagnosis in each region and if priority groups are being reached.
results45.7% were heterosexual men (MSW), 14.4% men who have sex with men (MSM), and 27% women. The 35% were younger than 30 and 9.6% foreigners. The 52% were previously untested, and women were the most likely to be untested. The three programmes altogether diagnosed 226 people, resulting in a global prevalence of 0.9% (95%CI: 0.8-1.1); 3.4% in MSM (95%CI: 2.8-4.0). The prevalence among Spaniards was 0.8% (0.7-1.0) vs. 2.2 (1.6-2.9) among foreigners. The percentages of MSM diagnosed by all three programmes were higher than the one reported by their respective RHSS. Thirty four percent of the reactive MSM and the 71.4% of the reactive MSW did not have a previous HIV test although big testing history differences were observed across the programmes. Altogether, these services contributed with the 10.6% of all HIV diagnoses in these regions.
conclusionsIn-pharmacy HIV testing programmes are a valuable testing option, having been able to uncover 1 out of 10 the new diagnoses reported in each region. They showed a good capacity of reaching and diagnosing previously untested populations, not only a priority population such as MSM but also heterosexual population who are more affected by delayed diagnosis. They seem to be particularly suitable for regions without large cities and specific HIV diagnostic services.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.