Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26246556›Full record

ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2015

Parasites in bloom: flowers aid dispersal and transmission of pollinator parasites within and between bee species.

Peter Graystock, Dave Goulson, William O H Hughes

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 143 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
143citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

143 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. The GenusInsects · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Vector Potential ofInsects · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. The Role of Pathogens in Bumblebee Decline: A Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Distinct virulence of the microsporidian parasite in honey bees competing habitat.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

83 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Peter GraystockSchool of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK peter@graystock.info.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-2571
Dave GoulsonSchool of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
William O H HughesSchool of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The dispersal of parasites is critical for epidemiology, and the interspecific vectoring of parasites when species share resources may play an underappreciated role in parasite dispersal. One of the best examples of such a situation is the shared use of flowers by pollinators, but the importance of flowers and interspecific vectoring in the dispersal of pollinator parasites is poorly understood and frequently overlooked. Here, we use an experimental approach to show that during even short foraging periods of 3 h, three bumblebee parasites and two honeybee parasites were dispersed effectively onto flowers by their hosts, and then vectored readily between flowers by non-host pollinator species. The results suggest that flowers are likely to be hotspots for the transmission of pollinator parasites and that considering potential vector, as well as host, species will be of general importance for understanding the distribution and transmission of parasites in the environment and between pollinators.

Indexed as

Host-Parasite InteractionsAnimalsApicomplexaBeesCampanulaceaeFlowersNosemaPollinationSpecies SpecificityTrypanosomatinaViolabumblebeedisease vectorhoneybeehost–parasite interactionparasite transmissionpollinators

Identifiers

PMID26246556
PMCPMC4632632

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.