ArticleAfrican journal of primary health care & family medicine2015
Adaptation and cross-cultural validation of the United States Primary Care Assessment Tool (expanded version) for use in South Africa.
Article in African journal of primary health care & family medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Primary Care Quality and Revisit Intention Among Hong Kong Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Assessing the Generalizability of Client Experience Measurement Tools in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review.Global health, science and practice · 2025Review
- How to measure the core functions of primary care in low-income and middle-income country settings.BMJ global health · 2025Review
- Core functions of primary care in Amathole District, South Africa: a descriptive study.BJGP open · 2025Article
- Improving the core functions of primary care in a Ugandan rural district.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2025Article
- Adapting the Primary Care Assessment Tool for sub-Saharan Africa: a validation study.BJGP open · 2025Article
- Primary care performance in a Ugandan rural district: a cross-sectional descriptive study.BJGP open · 2025Article
- The Luganda Edinburgh Postnatal depression scale: cross-cultural adaptation and validation for prenatal screening of depression in a Ugandan sample.African health sciences · 2024Article
- Adaptation and validation of the Ugandan Primary Care Assessment Tool.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2023Article
- Attributes of primary health care in Mato Grosso do Sul state: PCAT-Brazil paired for users and health professionals, 2018.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- The quality of primary care performance in private sector facilities in Nairobi, Kenya: a cross-sectional descriptive survey.BMC primary care · 2022Article
- What is the value and impact of the adaptation process on quality indicators for local use? A scoping review.PloS one · 2022Article
- Models of maternal and child healthcare for African refugees: protocol for an exploratory, mixed-methods study.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Comparative assessment of the quality of the primary care system: A survey of family physicians' perspective at a tertiary health facility and a new family medicine training facility in the Lagos State health system.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2020Article
- Measuring the quality of primary care in national health surveys: Lessons from Brazil.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2020Article
- Performance of primary care in different healthcare facilities: a cross-sectional study of patients' experiences in Southern Malawi.BMJ open · 2019Article
- Development of primary care assessment tool-adult version in Tibet: implication for low- and middle-income countries.Primary health care research & development · 2019Article
- Health need assessment in an indigenous high-altitude population living on an island in Lake Titicaca, Perú.International journal for equity in health · 2019Article
- Primary health care performance: a scoping review of the current state of measurement in Africa.BMJ global health · 2019Article
- Community-orientated primary care: a scoping review of different models, and their effectiveness and feasibility in sub-Saharan Africa.BMJ global health · 2019Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundMeasuring primary care is important for health sector reform. The Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT) measures performance of elements essential for cost-effective care. Following minor adaptations prior to use in Cape Town in 2011, a few findings indicated a need to improve the content and cross-cultural validity for wider use in South Africa (SA).
aimThis study aimed to validate the United States of America-developed PCAT before being used in a baseline measure of primary care performance prior to major reform.
settingPublic sector primary care clinics, users, practitioners and managers in urban and rural districts in the Western Cape Province.
methodsFace value evaluation of item phrasing and a combination of Delphi and Nominal Group Technique (NGT) methods with an expert panel and user focus group were used to obtain consensus on content relevant to SA. Original and new domains and items with > = 70% agreement were included in the South African version--ZA PCAT.
resultsAll original PCAT domains achieved consensus on inclusion. One new domain, the primary healthcare (PHC) team, was added. Three of 95 original items achieved < 70% agreement, that is consensus to exclude as not relevant to SA; 19 new items were added. A few items needed minor rephrasing with local healthcare jargon. The demographic section was adapted to local socio-economic conditions. The adult PCAT was translated into isiXhosa and Afrikaans.
conclusionThe PCAT is a valid measure of primary care performance in SA. The PHC team domain is an important addition, given its emphasis in PHC re-engineering. A combination of Delphi and NGT methods succeeded in obtaining consensus on a multi-domain, multi-item instrument in a resource-constrained environment.
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