ArticleMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2016
Adverse health behaviours are associated with depression and anxiety in multiple sclerosis: A prospective multisite study.
Article in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- A global view of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review with a focus on regional differences, methodology, and clinical implications.Journal of neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Challenges and Innovation for Diagnosing and Treatment of Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Preventive strategies in neuroimmunology.Neurological research and practice · 2026Review
- Impact of tobacco and alcohol consumption on disease progression and MRI in people with multiple sclerosis: results of the prospective cohort study NationMS.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- Long-term changes in health-related quality of life among Australian adults with psychological distress: a 16-year perspective.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Article
- Smoking and multiple sclerosis: development and feasibility study of a MS-specific smoking cessation intervention.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- Motivators and barriers for smoking cessation in people with multiple sclerosis: a qualitative study to inform the design of a tailored intervention.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Depression and anxiety in multiple sclerosis. Review of a fatal combination.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Review
- A review on multiple sclerosis prognostic findings from imaging, inflammation, and mental health studies.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Review
- Prevalence of depression and anxiety in the different clinical forms of multiple sclerosis and associations with disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Review
- The Association Between Smoking and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Chinese Individuals Aged 40 Years and Older: A Cross-Sectional Study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Associations between smoking and walking, fatigue, depression, and health-related quality of life in persons with multiple sclerosis.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2021Article
- Effect of depression on health behavior among myocardial infarction survivors in the United States.The mental health clinician · 2020Article
- Modifiable risk factors for poor health outcomes in multiple sclerosis: The urgent need for research to maximise smoking cessation success.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2020Review
- Disability worsening among persons with multiple sclerosis and depression: A Swedish cohort study.Neurology · 2019Article
- Awareness of patients with multiple sclerosis in Saudi Arabia regarding the relationship between smoking and multiple sclerosis.Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) · 2019Article
- Psychiatric comorbidity is associated with disability progression in multiple sclerosis.Neurology · 2018Article
- Longitudinal Associations of Modifiable Lifestyle Factors With Positive Depression-Screen Over 2.5-Years in an International Cohort of People Living With Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2018Article
- Determinants of non-adherence to disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: A cross-Canada prospective study.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDepression and anxiety are common among people with multiple sclerosis (MS), as are adverse health behaviours, but the associations between these factors are unclear.
objectiveTo evaluate the associations between cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and depression and anxiety in MS in a cross-Canada prospective study.
methodsFrom July 2010 to March 2011 we recruited consecutive MS patients from four MS clinics. At three visits over two years, clinical and demographic information was collected, and participants completed questionnaires regarding health behaviours and mental health.
resultsOf 949 participants, 75.2% were women, with a mean age of 48.6 years; most had a relapsing-remitting course (72.4%). Alcohol dependence was associated with increased odds of anxiety (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.32-2.58) and depression (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.05-2.23) adjusting for age, sex, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and smoking status. Smoking was associated with increased odds of anxiety (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.02-1.63) and depression (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.04-1.78) adjusting for age, sex, EDSS, and alcohol dependence. Alcohol dependence was associated with an increased incidence of depression but not anxiety. Depression was associated with an increased incidence of alcohol dependence.
conclusionAlcohol dependence and smoking were associated with anxiety and depression. Awareness of the effects of adverse health behaviours on mental health in MS might help target counselling and support for those 'at risk'.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.