ArticleAIDS (London, England)2015
Monocytes from HIV-infected individuals show impaired cholesterol efflux and increased foam cell formation after transendothelial migration.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prevalence of dyslipidemia and its correlation with anti-retroviral therapy among people living with HIV in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Effects and safety of Chinese herbal medicine on inflammatory biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Review
- NK cell dysregulation may potentiate cardiovascular disease in adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV on antiretroviral therapy.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Lipid-associated macrophages and metabolic inflammatory diseases.Cell insight · 2026Review
- Understanding residual risk of cardiovascular disease in people with HIV.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Inflammatory and Immune Mechanisms for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in HIV.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Inflammation in HIV and Its Impact on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Innate metabolic responses against viral infections.Nature metabolism · 2022Review
- Prevalence and risk factors of high cholesterol and triglycerides among people with HIV in Texas.AIDS research and therapy · 2022Article
- Review
- Trained Immunity and HIV Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Macrophage maturation from blood monocytes is altered in people with HIV, and is linked to serum lipid profiles and activation indices: A model for studying atherogenic mechanisms.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Association of Endothelial Dysfunction and Antiretroviral Therapy in Early HIV Infection.JAMA network open · 2019Article
- The Opioid Epidemic: Impact on Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2019Review
- Lipidome Abnormalities and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in HIV Infection.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2019Review
- How Monocytes Contribute to Increased Risk of Atherosclerosis in Virologically-Suppressed HIV-Positive Individuals Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Dysregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 gene in HIV treatment-experienced individuals.PloS one · 2019Article
- Changes in Lipid Indices in HIV+ Cases on HAART.BioMed research international · 2019Article
- Cenicriviroc inhibits trans-endothelial passage of monocytes and is associated with impaired E-selectin expression.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
designHIV-infected (HIV+) individuals have an increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease which is independent of antiretroviral therapy and traditional risk factors. Monocytes play a central role in the development of atherosclerosis, and HIV-related chronic inflammation and monocyte activation may contribute to increased atherosclerosis, but the mechanisms are unknown.
methodsUsing an in-vitro model of atherosclerotic plaque formation, we measured the transendothelial migration of purified monocytes from age-matched HIV+ and uninfected donors and examined their differentiation into foam cells. Cholesterol efflux and the expression of cholesterol metabolism genes were also assessed.
resultsMonocytes from HIV+ individuals showed increased foam cell formation compared with controls (18.9 vs. 0%, respectively, P = 0.004) and serum from virologically suppressed HIV+ individuals potentiated foam cell formation by monocytes from both uninfected and HIV+ donors. Plasma tumour necrosis factor (TNF) levels were increased in HIV+ vs. control donors (5.9 vs. 3.5 pg/ml, P = 0.02) and foam cell formation was inhibited by blocking antibodies to TNF receptors, suggesting a direct effect on monocyte differentiation to foam cells. Monocytes from virologically suppressed HIV+ donors showed impaired cholesterol efflux and decreased expression of key genes regulating cholesterol metabolism, including the cholesterol transporter ABCA1 (P = 0.02).
conclusionMonocytes from HIV+ individuals show impaired cholesterol efflux and are primed for foam cell formation following transendothelial migration. Factors present in HIV+ serum, including elevated TNF levels, further enhance foam cell formation. The proatherogenic phenotype of monocytes persists in virologically suppressed HIV+ individuals and may contribute mechanistically to increased atherosclerosis in this population.
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Registered trials
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