ArticleBMC cancer2015
Tumor-associated macrophages in oral premalignant lesions coexpress CD163 and STAT1 in a Th1-dominated microenvironment.
Article in BMC cancer, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macrophages and the immune microenvironment in OPMDs: a systematic review of the literature.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of tumor microenvironment on pathogenesis of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review.Molecular cancer · 2019Pooled it
- PD-L1 Expression and Immune Microenvironment Remodeling During Laryngeal Carcinogenesis: Implications for Malignant Progression of Laryngeal Dysplasia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Immunophenotypic Characterization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Oral Carcinogenesis: An Observational Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Observational
- From Chronic Inflammation to Malignancy: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights in Oral Carcinogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The multistep progression of areca nut-induced oral cancer: a mechanistic roadmap from pathogenesis to precision therapy.Life medicine · 2026Review
- Macrophages in Colorectal Cancer: from Normal Mucosa to Distant Metastasis: Beyond the M1/M2 Paradigm.Journal of Cancer · 2026Review
- Review
- Comparative immunohistochemical expression of Beta catenin and CD163 between dysplastic / non-dysplastic oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions (EX-VIVO STUDY).BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Areca nut-induced metabolic reprogramming and M2 differentiation promote OPMD malignant transformation.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing highlights the immunosuppression of IDO1Theranostics · 2024Article
- Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase gamma are critical to tobacco-mimicking oral carcinogenesis in mice.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Article
- Review
- Targeting oral tumor microenvironment for effective therapy.Cancer cell international · 2023Review
- Article
- Precancerous Lesions of the Head and Neck Region and Their Stromal Aberrations: Piecemeal Data.Cancers · 2023Review
- Analysis of transcriptome expression profiling data in oral leukoplakia and early and late‑stage oral squamous cell carcinoma.Oncology letters · 2023Article
- Macrophages CD163+ and Factor XIIIa+ Provide a First-Line Defence against Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia Antigens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Relationship between the M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization and the Degree of Ossicular Erosion in Human Acquired Cholesteatoma: An Immunohistochemical Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Dealing with Macrophage Plasticity to Address Therapeutic Challenges in Head and Neck Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are implicated in the growth, invasion and metastasis of various solid tumors. However, the phenotype of TAMs in premalignant lesions of solid tumors has not been clarified. In the present study, we identify the phenotype of TAMs in leukoplakia, an oral premalignant lesion, by immunohistochemical analysis and investigate the involvement of infiltrated T cells that participate in the polarization of TAMs.
methodsThe subjects included 30 patients with oral leukoplakia and 10 individuals with normal mucosa. Hematoxylin and eosin slides were examined for the histological grades, and immunohistochemical analysis was carried out using antibodies against CD68 (pan-MΦ), CD80 (M1 MΦ), CD163 (M2 MΦ), CD4 (helper T cells: Th), CD8 (cytotoxic T cells), CXCR3, CCR5 (Th1), CCR4 (Th2), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT1), phosphorylated STAT1 (pSTAT1) and chemokine CXCL9. The differences in the numbers of positively stained cells among the different histological grades were tested for statistical significance using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Correlations between different types of immune cells were determined using Spearman's rank analysis.
resultsAn increase in the rate of CD163(+) TAM infiltration was observed in mild and moderate epithelial dysplasia, which positively correlated with the rate of intraepithelial CD4(+) Th cell infiltration. Although CCR4(+) cells rarely infiltrated, CXCR3(+) and CCR5(+) cells were observed in these lesions. Cells positive for STAT1 and chemokine CXCL9, interferon- (IFN)-induced gene products, and pSTAT1 were also observed in the same lesions. Double immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that the cells that were positive for CD163 were also positive for STAT1.
conclusionsCD163(+) TAMs in oral premalignant lesions coexpress CD163 and STAT1, suggesting that the TAMs in oral premalignant lesions possess an M1 phenotype in a Th1-dominated micromilieu.
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