Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26240941›Full record

ArticleAddictive behaviors2015

Perceived stress and smoking-related behaviors and symptomatology in male and female smokers.

Michael H Lawless, Katherine A Harrison, Gregory A Grandits, Lynn E Eberly, Sharon S Allen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Addictive behaviors, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
82citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

82 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Gut Microbiota-Driven Pathways Linking Chronic Stress to Tumor Progression.International journal of biological sciences · 2026
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Financial Stress and Tobacco Expenditure in Australian Households: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Prevalence and Association Across Wealth and Income Levels.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Michael H LawlessWest Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Electronic address: mlawless@osteo.wvsom.edu.
Katherine A HarrisonDepartment of Family Medicine and Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Gregory A GranditsDivision of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Lynn E EberlyDivision of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Sharon S AllenDepartment of Family Medicine and Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Funding

Statistical Analysis CoreP50DA033942 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI CARROLL, MARILYN E. · 2012 to 2017
$6.3M
NIDA NIH HHS 1P50DA033942-01NIDA NIH HHS P50 DA033942
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionStress has been found to be a significant risk factor for cigarette smoking. Stress affects males and females differently, as does the use of smoking for stress reduction. Few studies have examined gender differences with the interrelation of perceived stress and smoking behaviors and nicotine related symptomatology. Our study investigates this association, as well as the influence of sociodemographic variables.

methodsThis is a retrospective analysis of 62 smokers (41 males, 21 females) enrolled in a smoking cessation study. At the screening visit sociodemographic information, smoking behaviors and survey measures were completed. These included the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS), and others. Analyses were conducted using multiple linear regression models.

resultsPSS score was found to have a negative association with number of cigarettes smoked in males (slope -0.29±0.08; p=0.0009) and females (slope -0.20±0.18; p=0.26) with no difference in effect between genders (p=0.64). Linear regression of MNWS on PSS revealed a positive association for both males (slope 0.41±0.068; p<0.0001) and females (slope 0.73±0.14; p<0.0001). There was a significant difference in effect between genders (p=0.04).

conclusionsA strong positive association was observed between perceived stress and nicotine withdrawal symptomatology in smokers of both sexes, with a larger effect seen in women. These findings emphasize the importance of stress reduction in smokers, which may lead to fewer withdrawal symptoms and more effective smoking cessation.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultComorbidityFemaleHumansMaleMinnesotaRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSex DistributionSmokingSmoking CessationStress, PsychologicalSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeYoung AdultPerceived stressSex differencesSmoking-related symptomatology

Identifiers

PMID26240941
PMCPMC4558262

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.