ArticleKorean journal of ophthalmology : KJO2015
In Vivo Effects of Preservative-free and Preserved Prostaglandin Analogs: Mouse Ocular Surface Study.
Article in Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of Efficacy Between a Phospholipid-Hydroxypropyl Guar Nanoemulsion and Castor Oil-Based Lubricating Eyedrops.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and Toxicity Evaluation of Bepotastine Besilate 1.5% Preservative-Free Eye Drops Vs Olopatadine Hydrochloride 0.2% Bak-Preserved Eye Drops in Patients with Allergic Conjunctivitis.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Trial
- Comparison of BAK-preserved latanoprost and polyquad-preserved travoprost on ocular surface parameters in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension.International ophthalmology · 2021Trial
- In Vitro Toxicity of Cetalkonium Chloride on Corneal Epithelial Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Topical Ocular Drug Delivery: The Impact of Permeation Enhancers.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- The effect of travoprost on primary human limbal epithelial cells and the siRNA-based aniridia limbal epithelial cell model, in vitro.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Benzalkonium chloride greatly deteriorates the biological activities of human corneal stroma fibroblasts in a concentration-dependent manner.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- From Eye Care to Hair Growth: Bimatoprost.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Cord blood-derived biologics lead to robust axonal regeneration in benzalkonium chloride-injured mouse corneas by modulating the Il-17 pathway and neuropeptide Y.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- A Preservative-Free Approach - Effects on Dry Eye Signs and Symptoms After Cataract Surgery.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Challenging the "Topical Medications-First" Approach to Glaucoma: A Treatment Paradigm in Evolution.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2023Article
- Norepinephrine as an Enhancer Promoting Corneal Penetration of Riboflavin for Transepithelial Corneal Crosslinking.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Ocular surface disease: a known yet overlooked side effect of topical glaucoma therapy.Frontiers in toxicology · 2023Review
- A Narrative Review of Ocular Surface Disease Related to Anti-Glaucomatous Medications.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2022Review
- Benzalkonium Chloride, Even at Low Concentrations, Deteriorates Intracellular Metabolic Capacity in Human Conjunctival Fibroblasts.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Ocular benzalkonium chloride exposure: problems and solutions.Eye (London, England) · 2022Review
- SCD1-Fatty Acid Desaturase Inhibitor MF-438 Alleviates Latent Inflammation Induced by Preservative-Free Prostaglandin Analog Eye Drops.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Article
- Comparison of the Safety and Efficacy between Preserved and Preservative-Free Latanoprost and Preservative-Free Tafluprost.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Efficacy and safety of newly developed preservative-free latanoprost 0.005% eye drops versus preserved latanoprost 0.005% in open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension: 12-week results of a randomized, multicenter, controlled phase III trial.International journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeChronic use of topical hypotensive agents induces several side effects caused by preservatives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of prostaglandin analogs with varying concentrations of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), preservative-free (PF), and alternative preservatives on mouse corneal tissue.
methodsThirty-five, 8- to 10-week-old female C57BL/6 mice (five mice for each group) were used for this study. To the control group, we applied normal saline, and to each drug-treated group we applied 0.02% BAC, bimatoprost 0.01% (with BAC 0.02%), latanoprost 0.005% (with BAC 0.02%), travoprost 0.004% (with 0.001% polyquad) or tafluprost 0.0015% with/without 0.001% BAC, once a day (9 p.m.) for 4 weeks. Corneal fluorescein staining was evaluated in all groups. After harvest, the corneal tissues were embedded in paraffin and then Hematoxylin-Eosin stain was performed for histopathological examination. Immunofluorescence staining was done against TNF-α, IL-6, HLA DR, pJNK, and pAkt.
resultsIn corneal fluorescein staining, severe punctate epithelial keratitis was seen in the groups of 0.02% BAC, 0.02% BAC containing bimatoprost 0.01% and latanoprost 0.005%. The surface desquamation, irregular surface, loss of cell borders, anisocytosis and stromal shrinkage were observed in the groups of BAC-containing eye drops. Moreover, the groups treated with BAC-containing eye drops have high inflammatory markers, significantly decreased cell viability-related signal, pAkt, and higher apoptosis-inducing signal, pJNK, than the control group. On the other hand, travoprost 0.004% and PF tafluprost 0.0015% have less cellular morphologic changes, lower inflammation, and higher cellular viability than BAC-containing formulations.
conclusionsCorneal damage, increased inflammation and apoptosis and low cell viability were observed in BAC-containing groups. PF or alternatively preserved glaucoma medications seem to be a reasonable and viable alternative to those preserved with BAC.
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