ArticleTobacco control2015
Perceived acceptability of female smoking in China.
Article in Tobacco control, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Changes in premature mortality burden due to lung cancer attributable to tobacco exposure in rural southwest China: three repeated cross-sectional studies from 2013 to 2025.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Understanding female smoking in urban China: motivations, stigma and shifting social norms-a qualitative focus group study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Association Between Parental Smoking Status and Adolescent Mental Health: Population-Based Study.Asian/Pacific Island nursing journal · 2026Article
- Lifestyle-attributable burden of young-onset stroke in Chinese and global populations aged 20-54 years: A three decades comparative study (1990-2021) using Global Burden of Disease study data.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Subtype and gender-differentiated burden of stroke in China (1990-2021): attributable risk factors and future projections based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Gender differences in the relationship between income inequality and health in China: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey data.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- Technology-based interventions for tobacco smoking prevention and treatment: a 20-year bibliometric analysis (2003-2022).Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2024Article
- Association of ambient air pollutant mixtures with IVF/ICSI-ET clinical pregnancy rates during critical exposure periods.Human reproduction open · 2024Article
- Identifying factors influencing local governments' adoption of comprehensive smoke-free policies: an event history analysis based on panel data from 36 key cities in China (2013-2021).Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Association between personality traits and smoking cessation among Chinese adults.BMC psychology · 2023Article
- Lung cancer mortality in the wake of the changing smoking epidemic: a descriptive study of the global burden in 2020 and 2040.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Trends in the Burden of COPD Attributable to Ambient PMRisk management and healthcare policy · 2023Article
- Association of cigarette production and tobacco retailer density on secondhand smoke exposure in urban China.Tobacco control · 2022Article
- Gender differences in social environmental changes associated with smoking: a cross-sectional study from Chinese internal migrants.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Prevalence, frequency, intensity, and location of cigarette use among adolescents in China from 2013-14 to 2019: Findings from two repeated cross-sectional studies.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2022Article
- Development of a WeChat-based Mobile Messaging Smoking Cessation Intervention for Chinese Immigrant Smokers: Qualitative Interview Study.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
- Gender Differences in the Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour on Smoking Cessation Intention in Young Soldiers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The Moderating Effect of Community-Level Deprivation on the Association between Individual Characteristics and Smoking Behavior among Chinese Adults: A Cross-Level Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The mortality of lung cancer attributable to smoking among adults in China and the United States during 1990-2017.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2020Article
- Assessing factors influencing smoking and smoking cessation within Chinese communities in the Greater Vancouver Area: A qualitative exploratory study.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFemale smoking prevalence in China is very low but may rise with increased tobacco marketing towards women and changing norms. However, little is known about current perceptions of women smoking in China.
objectiveThis study sought to examine smokers' and non-smokers' perceived acceptability of female smoking and how it changed over time in China.
methodsData come from Waves 1 to 3 (2006-2009) of the International Tobacco Control China Survey, a face-to-face cohort survey of approximately 800 adult smokers and 200 non-smokers in each of seven cities in mainland China.
resultsAt Wave 3 (2009), about 38% of smokers and 9% of non-smokers agreed that female smoking is acceptable with women being almost twice as likely to do so as men (67% vs 36% and 11% vs 6%, respectively). In addition to women, smokers who were younger and had more positive perceptions of smoking in general were more likely to say that female smoking is acceptable. This perception significantly increased from Wave 1 (2006) to Wave 3 (2009), as did the perception that smoking is a sign of sophistication, but other general perceptions of smoking did not significantly change between 2006 and 2009.
conclusionsNorms against female smoking appear to remain strong in China, but female smoking may be becoming more acceptable. It is important to monitor these perceptions to prevent a rise in female smoking prevalence along with an increase in tobacco-related death and disease among women in China.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.