ArticleClinical oral investigations2016
Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction by e-cigarette fluids in human gingival fibroblasts.
Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review.American journal of preventive medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Vape flavoring chemicals and oral fibroblast viability.Anatomy & cell biology · 2026Review
- Oxidative stress mediates cardiac electrophysiological injury in inhalation exposure to flavored vaping products.Heart rhythm · 2026Article
- Tobacco-derived particulates and the periodontal axis: Distinct cytotoxic and stress-related mechanisms in human gingival fibroblasts.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cellular Senescence as a Risk Factor in Head and Neck Cancer-Diagnostic and Therapeutic Perspective.Cancers · 2025Review
- Effects of Nicotine-Free E-Cigarettes on Gastrointestinal System: A Systematic Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- The effects of systemic and sustained hypoxia on orthodontic tooth movement in rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Decoding different oxidative stress pathways in periodontitis: a comparative review of mechanisms of traditional tobacco smoke and electronic smoke aerosol.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Review
- Immunological Effects of Electronic Cigarette Use: A Review of Current Evidence.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- E-cigarette: a safe tool or a risk factor for oral cancer? A systematic review.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2025Review
- E-Cigarette effects on oral health: A molecular perspective.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2025Review
- Pathophysiological Responses of Oral Keratinocytes After Exposure to Flavored E-Cigarette Liquids.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Perinatal nicotine vaping exposure induces pro-myofibroblastic phenotype in rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Flow Rate and Wall Shear Stress Characterization of a Biomimetic Aerosol Exposure System.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2024Article
- DNA damage in human oral cells induced by use of e-cigarettes.Drug testing and analysis · 2023Review
- Electronic Cigarettes: A Pro-Con Review of the Current Literature.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2022Review
- Short-term effects of electronic cigarettes on cerebrovascular function: A time course study.Experimental physiology · 2022Article
- Periodontal and Peri-Implant Health Status in Traditional vs. Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco and Electronic Cigarettes Smokers: A Systematic Review.Dentistry journal · 2022Review
- Influence of Electronic Cigarettes on Selected Physicochemical Properties of Saliva.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are generally acknowledged as a safer alternative to the use of combusted tobacco products. Nevertheless, there are increasing conflicting claims concerning the effect of these novel industrial products on the health of e-cigarettes users. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of the liquids of e-cigarettes on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and to compare the effects of nicotine-containing fluid to the fluid itself. MATERIALS AND
methodsHGFs were treated with different concentrations (0-5 mg/mL) of fluids of e-cigarettes for different times (0-72 h) and cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTT assay. Fluids were administered also after being vaped (e.g., warmed into the cartomizer). Apoptosis occurrence and Bax expression were evaluated by flow cytometry; ROS production was analyzed by fluorescence optical microscopy.
resultsBoth nicotine-containing and nicotine-free fluids induced an increased ROS production after 24 h, along with an increased Bax expression, followed by apoptosis occurrence after 48 h of exposure.
conclusionsThe cytotoxicity exerted on HGFs by e-cigarettes fluids is not entirely ascribable to nicotine. Since the e-cigarettes are advertised as a safer alternative to traditional ones, especially for the possibility of "smoking" nicotine-free fluids, further studies are necessary to clarify the mechanism involved in the occurrence of cytotoxicity exerted by such compounds. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our results suggest a role for e-cigarette fluids in the pathogenesis of oral diseases, such as periodontitis.
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Registered trials
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