ArticleSleep2016
Region-Specific Dissociation between Cortical Noradrenaline Levels and the Sleep/Wake Cycle.
Article in Sleep, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- The effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on vigilance, cognition, and mood during military exercise with acute sleep deprivation.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2026Article
- Cortical firing dynamics during micro-arousals vary with sleep/wake history and micro-arousal duration.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sleep and experience-dependent visual plasticity in the adult cerebral cortex: an update.Sleep · 2025Article
- An early surge of norepinephrine along brainstem pathways drives sensory-evoked awakening.Science advances · 2025Article
- Noradrenergic Mechanisms and Circuitry of Hyperkatifeia in Alcohol Use Disorder.Biological psychiatry · 2025Review
- Insomnia of students following the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions in China: Prevalence, influencing factors, and associations with depression, anxiety, and PTSD.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Enhancing glymphatic fluid transport by pan-adrenergic inhibition suppresses epileptogenesis in male mice.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Emerging Functions of Neuromodulation during Sleep.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Review
- Restoration of locus coeruleus noradrenergic transmission during sleep.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Local extracellular KProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Relating Pupil Diameter and Blinking to Cortical Activity and Hemodynamics across Arousal States.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Adolescent sleep and the foundations of prefrontal cortical development and dysfunction.Progress in neurobiology · 2022Review
- Sleep decreases neuronal activity control of microglial dynamics in mice.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Noradrenergic Signaling in Astrocytes Influences Mammalian Sleep Homeostasis.Clocks & sleep · 2022Article
- Importance of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system in sleep-wake regulation: Implications for aging and Alzheimer's disease.Sleep medicine reviews · 2022Review
- Functional Connectivity Disturbances of the Locus Coeruleus in Chronic Insomnia Disorder.Nature and science of sleep · 2022Article
- Region-Specific and State-Dependent Astrocyte CaThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
- The Inert Brain: Explaining Neural Inertia as Post-anaesthetic Sleep Inertia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesThe activity of the noradrenergic system of the locus coeruleus (LC) is high in wake and low in sleep. LC promotes arousal and EEG activation, as well as attention, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. These functions rely on prefrontal cortex and are impaired by sleep deprivation, but the extent to which LC activity changes during wake remains unclear. Moreover, it is unknown whether noradrenergic neurons can sustain elevated firing during extended wake. Recent studies show that relative to LC neurons targeting primary motor cortex (M1), those projecting to medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) have higher spontaneous firing rates and are more excitable. These results suggest that noradrenaline (NA) levels should be higher in mPFC than M1, and that during prolonged wake LC cells targeting mPFC may fatigue more, but direct evidence is lacking.
methodsWe performed in vivo microdialysis experiments in adult (9-10 weeks old) C57BL/6 mice implanted for chronic electroencephalographic recordings. Cortical NA levels were measured during spontaneous sleep and wake (n = 8 mice), and in the course of sleep deprivation (n = 6).
resultsWe found that absolute NA levels are higher in mPFC than in M1. Moreover, in both areas they decline during sleep and increase during wake, but these changes are faster in M1 than mPFC. Finally, by the end of sleep deprivation NA levels decline only in mPFC.
conclusionsLocus coeruleus (LC) neurons targeting prefrontal cortex may fatigue more markedly, or earlier, than other LC cells, suggesting one of the mechanisms underlying the cognitive impairment and the increased sleep presure associated with sleep deprivation. COMMENTARY: A commentary on this article appears in this issue on page 11.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.