ArticleExperimental and clinical psychopharmacology2015
The impact of gonadal hormones on cannabinoid dependence.
Article in Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in the acute effects of oral THC: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover human laboratory study.Psychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Effects of Oral Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Women During the Follicular Phase of the Menstrual Cycle.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2023Trial
- Impaired inhibition after delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in women not related to circulating estradiol levels.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2023Trial
- Sex differences in the acute effects of intravenous (IV) delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).Psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Sex-dependent effects of cannabis-induced analgesia.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2016Trial
- Repeated Tetrahydrocannabinol Injections Induce Tolerance but Do Not Disrupt Ongoing Behaviour Upon Withdrawal in Male and Female Rats With Inflammatory Pain.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Article
- Network topology and cannabis use following two weeks of monitored abstinence: moderation of sex and patterns of use findings.Frontiers in adolescent medicine · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in the Acute Effects of Oral THC: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Human Laboratory Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Cannabinoid Tolerance in S426A/S430A xThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2023Article
- Cannabis use, abuse, and withdrawal: Cannabinergic mechanisms, clinical, and preclinical findings.Journal of neurochemistry · 2021Review
- Sex and dependence related neuroanatomical differences in regular cannabis users: findings from the ENIGMA Addiction Working Group.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Sex differences and the endocannabinoid system in pain.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2021Review
- Article
- Cannabis use and patterns among middle and older aged Canadians prior to legalization: a sex-specific analysis of the Canadian Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Sex Differences in Tolerance to Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Mice With Cisplatin-Evoked Chronic Neuropathic Pain.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Article
- Developmental exposure to ΔGeroScience · 2020Article
- Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in the United Kingdom: An update.British journal of pharmacology · 2020Review
- Sex-related differences in subjective, but not neural, cue-elicited craving response in heavy cannabis users.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Sex and Gender Interactions on the Use and Impact of Recreational Cannabis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Sex and Strain Variation in Initial Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance to Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance in the United States. Women report greater positive subjective effects of cannabis, and greater cannabis withdrawal compared to men. Female rodents are more sensitive than males to some acute effects of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and females also develop greater tolerance to THC in some assays. The purpose of this study was to determine whether gonadal hormones modulate THC dependence in rats. Adult rats were gonadectomized (GDX) or sham-GDX, and hormone was replaced in half of the GDX rats of each sex (testosterone in males; estradiol and/or progesterone in females). THC (30 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered twice daily for 6.5 days, followed on the seventh day by vehicle or rimonabant challenge and assessment for withdrawal-related behaviors. Sham-GDX females developed greater tolerance than males to THC-induced hypothermia, and GDX females given progesterone showed greater tolerance to THC-induced locomotor suppression. Rimonabant precipitated withdrawal, as evidenced by increased somatic signs (forepaw tremors, licking) and increased startle amplitude. Testosterone in GDX males decreased withdrawal-induced licking. Estradiol and progesterone in GDX females increased withdrawal-induced chewing, and progesterone increased withdrawal-induced sniffing. These results suggest that estradiol and progesterone may promote the development of dependence, whereas testosterone may protect against dependence. While the present study indicates that testosterone and estradiol produce opposite effects on THC-induced behavior, estradiol appears to play a broader role than testosterone in modulating THC's behavioral effects.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.