ReviewBioMed research international2015
GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration.
Review in BioMed research international, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Targets in Modern Cosmetic Science.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- GHK-Cu as a Bioactive Metallopeptide and Drug-Delivery Cargo: Coordination Chemistry, Formulation Science, Therapeutic Evidence, and a Translational Roadmap.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Peptides in Regenerative Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Applications in Tissue Repair and Chronic Pain Management.Current pain and headache reports · 2026Review
- A Systematic Review of the Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications of GHK-Cu (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine-Copper Complex) in Topical Microneedle Delivery: A Case for Expanded Clinical Trials.Archives of internal medicine research · 2026Article
- Decoding Hyperpigmentation from Biological Mechanisms to Actives with Clinically Proven Topical Efficacy: A Narrative Review.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Review
- Copper Complexes: Emerging Micro- and Nanosystems for Dermatological Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Redox-Responsive GHK-Conjugated Sponge Spicules for Sustained Dermal Delivery and Enhanced Collagen Synthesis.Micromachines · 2026Article
- Middle-aged mice treated with GHK-Cu peptide administered intraperitoneally or intranasally show behavioral rescue but divergent hippocampal aging programs.Research square · 2026Article
- Regenerative Approaches to Enhance the Skin Microenvironment and Boost Aesthetic Efficacy: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The GHK-Cu delays aging in Caenorhabditis elegans via coordinated regulation of mitochondrial function and activation of DAF-16/SKN-1 pathways.Biogerontology · 2026Article
- Overview of Short Peptides for Hair Loss.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Synthesis, spectroscopy, density functional theory study and biological activity of [Cu(phen)(L-arg)Cl]Cl·2.5HScientific reports · 2026Article
- Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging.Frontiers in aging · 2026Review
- Protective Functions of β-Alanyl-L-Histidine and Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine Glycoconjugates and Copper in Concert.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Covalent Peptide-Graphene Conjugates for Enhanced Cell Spreading, Osteogenic Differentiation, and Angiogenesis in Bone Defects.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2025Article
- Dimeric copper peptide incorporated hydrogel for promoting diabetic wound healing.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Nanoengineered Self-Assembling Peptides with Increased Proteolytic Stability Promote Wound Healing.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Exploring the Role of Tripeptides in Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Peptides in wound healing: A comprehensive review of their roles, challenges, and hydrogel-based delivery systems.EXCLI journal · 2025Review
- Exploring the beneficial effects of GHK-Cu on an experimental model of colitis and the underlying mechanisms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) is present in human plasma, saliva, and urine but declines with age. It is proposed that GHK functions as a complex with copper 2+ which accelerates wound healing and skin repair. GHK stimulates both synthesis and breakdown of collagen and glycosaminoglycans and modulates the activity of both metalloproteinases and their inhibitors. It stimulates collagen, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and the small proteoglycan, decorin. It also restores replicative vitality to fibroblasts after radiation therapy. The molecule attracts immune and endothelial cells to the site of an injury. It accelerates wound-healing of the skin, hair follicles, gastrointestinal tract, boney tissue, and foot pads of dogs. It also induces systemic wound healing in rats, mice, and pigs. In cosmetic products, it has been found to tighten loose skin and improve elasticity, skin density, and firmness, reduce fine lines and wrinkles, reduce photodamage, and hyperpigmentation, and increase keratinocyte proliferation. GHK has been proposed as a therapeutic agent for skin inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and metastatic colon cancer. It is capable of up- and downregulating at least 4,000 human genes, essentially resetting DNA to a healthier state. The present review revisits GHK's role in skin regeneration in the light of recent discoveries.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.