ArticleCurrent epidemiology reports2015
Challenges in Studying Modifiable Risk Factors for Birth Defects.
Article in Current epidemiology reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- Maternal Smoking and Preterm Birth Among Infants With Orofacial Clefts.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2026Article
- The influence of paternal preconception health on birth defects and head circumference: A scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward preventing congenital disabilities: a cross sectional study in Saudi Arabia.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Case-Control Study of Congenital Anomalies: Study Methods and Nonresponse Bias Assessment.Birth defects research · 2025Article
- Classification of isolated versus multiple birth defects: An automated process for population-based registries.American journal of medical genetics. Part A · 2024Article
- Real-world data are not always big data: the case for primary data collection on medication use in pregnancy in the context of birth defects research.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Knowledge assessment of women of reproductive age on birth defects: a descriptive cross-sectional study in Kenya.The Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
- Antifungal medication use during pregnancy and the risk of selected major birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2024Article
- Cost analysis of outpatient services for major external structural birth defects: an ingredient approach in selected hospitals in Kiambu County, Kenya.The Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
- Maternal physical activity, sitting, and risk of non-cardiac birth defects.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Environmental and parental risk factors for congenital solitary functioning kidney - a case-control study.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2023Article
- Residential proximity to unconventional oil and gas development and birth defects in Ohio.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Identifying syndromes in studies of structural birth defects: Guidance on classification and evaluation of potential impact.American journal of medical genetics. Part A · 2023Article
- Evaluating the proportion of isolated cases among a spectrum of birth defects in a population-based registry.Birth defects research · 2023Article
- Birth defect co-occurrence patterns in the Texas Birth Defects Registry.Pediatric research · 2022Article
- Maternal exposure to hydroxychloroquine and birth defects.Birth defects research · 2021Article
- Comparative analysis of perinatal outcomes and birth defects amongst adolescent and older Ugandan mothers: evidence from a hospital-based surveillance database.Reproductive health · 2021Article
- Zika Virus-Associated Birth Defects, Costa Rica, 2016-2018.Emerging infectious diseases · 2021Review
- Assessing the relationship between neonatal abstinence syndrome and birth defects in Delaware.Birth defects research · 2021Article
- Risk factors for major external structural birth defects among children in Kiambu County, Kenya: a case-control study.F1000Research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Conducting research to identify modifiable risk factors for birth defects is difficult for a variety of reasons. While some challenges are familiar to researchers across many disciplines, the confluence of issues affecting birth defects research may not be well understood by those outside of the field. This article describes several methodological challenges to the study of birth defects and ways these challenges might be addressed: (1) ascertainment, definition and classification of birth defects; (2) exposure assessment on modifiable risk factors; (3) analytical challenges related to small numbers and multiple statistical tests; (4) the role of genetics, including the collection of specimens and analysis of genetic data; and (5) challenges in translating research and demonstrating public health impact. Understanding these issues is important for researchers planning studies, reviewers evaluating the scientific merit of results from these studies, and consumers of the research, including fellow researchers, policy makers, health care providers, and families.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.