ReviewJournal of dermatological case reports2015
How to treat actinic keratosis? An update.
Review in Journal of dermatological case reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Split-Sided Chest Study of Skin Rejuvenation Comparing Low-Energy, 1,927-nm Thulium Fractional Laser Treatment Prior to Photodynamic Therapy Versus Photodynamic Therapy Alone.Lasers in surgery and medicine · 2020Trial
- Impact of Photodynamic Therapy on Mast Cell-Associated Inflammation and Angiogenesis in Actinic Keratosis.Cancers · 2026Article
- Real-time LC-OCT monitoring of scalp hypertrophic actinic keratosis clearance following cryotherapy, laser, and 5-fluorouracil therapy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Targeting Biomarkers of Proliferation and Inflammation (Ki67, p53, and COX-2) in Actinic Keratoses with Photodynamic Therapy.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- A Non-randomized, Open-label, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of 10% Aminolevulinic Acid Gel in the Expanded Field-directed Treatment of Actinic Keratosis on the Face and Scalp with Red Light Photodynamic Therapy.The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Optimization of the Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells by Combining Photodynamic Therapy with Cold Atmospheric Plasma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- International time trends and differences in topical actinic keratosis therapy utilization.JAAD international · 2024Article
- Topical GZ21T Inhibits the Growth of Actinic Keratoses in a UVB-Induced Model of Skin Carcinogenesis.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2023Article
- Article
- Attitudes among dermatologists regarding actinic keratosis treatment options.Dermatology reports · 2022Article
- Ingol and Ingenol-Type Diterpenes fromPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Identification of differentially expressed genes in actinic keratosis samples treated with ingenol mebutate gel.PloS one · 2020Observational
- Topical treatments and photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis of the face and scalp.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Article
- Clinical utility of daylight photodynamic therapy in the treatment of actinic keratosis - a review of the literature.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2019Review
- Mediators of Inflammation in Topical Therapy of Skin Cancers.Mediators of inflammation · 2019Review
- A Rare Presentation of Actinic Keratosis Affecting the Tarsal Conjunctiva and Review of the Literature.Case reports in ophthalmological medicine · 2018Article
- Successful Treatment of Actinic Keratosis with Kanuka Honey.Case reports in dermatological medicine · 2018Article
- [The aged scalp : A dermato-oncological focus point].Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete · 2017Review
- The effect of wool hydrolysates on squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro. Possible implications for cancer treatment.PloS one · 2017Article
- [Actinic keratoses].Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Actinic keratosis (AKs) is one of the most common skin lesions leading to an increased risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma and other skin malignancies. The lesions principally arise as a result of excessive ultraviolet (UV) exposure. AKs may regress spontaneously, remain stable or evolve to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The risk of squamous cell carcinoma is significantly increased patients with more than 5 AKs. The main mechanisms involved in the formation of AK are inflammation, mutagenesis, oxidative stress, impaired apoptosis, immunosuppression, disregulation of cell growth and proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Human papilloma virus has also been correlated with the formation of some AKs. As an individual ages, his skin is exposed to increasing cumulative amounts of UV light and other environmental insults. This is especially true for the head, neck and forearms. These insults do not target only the skin where individual lesions develop, but also the surrounding area. In this area undetectable preclinical AK lesions or dysplastic cells may be present. The whole affected area is known as the 'field'. Therefore, management is divided into lesion-directed and field-directed therapies. Currently, the therapies in use are lesion-directed cryotherapy and/or excision, and field-directed topical agents: 5-fluorouracil, diclofenac, photodynamic therapy, imiquimod, and ingenol mebutate. Combining lesion- and field-directed therapies showed good results and several novel therapies are under investigation. Treatment is variable and personalized, what makes a gold standard management algorithm difficult to design. This review aims to describe the rationale behind the available treatment options for AKs based on current understanding of pathophysiology and epidemiology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.