Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26235659›Full record

Trial reportAddiction (Abingdon, England)2015

Self-help educational booklets for the prevention of smoking relapse following smoking cessation treatment: a randomized controlled trial.

Vivienne Maskrey, Annie Blyth, Tracey J Brown, Garry R Barton, Caitlin Notley, Paul Aveyard, Richard Holland, Max O Bachmann, Stephen Sutton, Jo Leonardi-Bee and 2 more

Abstract readComparative StudyMulticenter StudyPragmatic Clinical Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Relapse prevention interventions for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019
    Pooled it
  3. Relapse prevention interventions for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019
    Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Article
  7. Re-Configuring Identity Postpartum and Sustained Abstinence or Relapse to Tobacco Smoking.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Vivienne MaskreyNorwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.
Annie BlythNorwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.
Tracey J BrownNorwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.
Garry R BartonNorwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.
Caitlin NotleyNorwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.
Paul AveyardNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Richard HollandNorwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.
Max O BachmannNorwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.
Stephen SuttonInstitute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Jo Leonardi-BeeDivision of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Thomas H BrandonDepartment of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
Fujian SongNorwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.

Funding

British Heart FoundationCancer Research UKDepartment of Health 09/91/36Medical Research Council MR/K023195/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsMost people who quit smoking for a short term will return to smoking again in 12 months. We tested whether self-help booklets can reduce relapse in short-term quitters after receiving behavioural and pharmacological cessation treatment.

designA parallel-arm, pragmatic individually randomized controlled trial.

settingSmoking cessation clinics in England. Participants People who stopped smoking for 4 weeks after receiving cessation treatment in stop smoking clinics.

interventionParticipants in the experimental group (n=703) were mailed eight booklets, each of which taught readers how to resist urges to smoke. Participants in the control group (n=704) received a leaflet currently used in practice. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was prolonged, carbon monoxide-verified abstinence from months 4 to 12. The secondary outcomes included 7-day self-reported abstinence at 3 and 12 months. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to estimate treatment effects and to investigate possible effect modifying variables.

findingsThere were no statistically significant differences between the groups in prolonged abstinence from months 4 to 12 (36.9% versus 38.6%; odds ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.75-1.16; P=0.524). In addition, there were no significant differences between the groups in any secondary outcomes. However, people who reported knowing risky situations for relapse and using strategies to handle urges to smoke were less likely to relapse.

conclusionsIn people who stop smoking successfully with behavioural support, a comprehensive self-help educational programme to teach people skills to identify and respond to high-risk situations for return to smoking did not reduce relapse.

Indexed as

PamphletsSmoking PreventionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatient Education as TopicProspective StudiesRegression AnalysisSecondary PreventionSelf CareSmoking CessationSocioeconomic FactorsTreatment OutcomeBehavioural supportcoping skillseducational bookletssmoking relapse

Identifiers

PMID26235659
PMCPMC4832320

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.