Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26235382›Full record

ReviewJournal of autoimmunity2015

Immunogenetics of autoimmune thyroid diseases: A comprehensive review.

Hanna J Lee, Cheuk Wun Li, Sara Salehi Hammerstad, Mihaela Stefan, Yaron Tomer

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of autoimmunity, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 157 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
157citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
19.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

157 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 344 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Salivary Alterations in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Guideline
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Article
  9. [Role of HLA genetic variants in autoimmune diseases].Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Transcriptomic and Neuroimaging Decoding of Brain-Immune Crosstalk in Thyroid Eye Disease.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Familial Risk of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis in a Large Genealogical Database.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025
    Article
  20. Review

97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Hanna J LeeDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Cheuk Wun LiDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Sara Salehi HammerstadDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
Mihaela StefanDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Yaron TomerDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Bronx VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA. Electronic address: yaron.tomer@mssm.edu.
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · USOslo University Hospital · NO

Funding

Thyroid Derived Peptide Presentation by HLA-DR in ThyroiditisR01DK073681 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI TOMER, YARON · 2006 to 2022
$5.0M
Identifying Genes Linked to Autoimmune Thyroid DiseasesR01DK061659 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI TOMER, YARON · 2002 to 2017
$4.1M
Intramural VA VA999999NIDDK NIH HHS DK073681NIDDK NIH HHS DK61659NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK061659NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK073681
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Both environmental and genetic triggers factor into the etiology of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Although the exact pathogenesis and causative interaction between environment and genes are unknown, GD and HT share similar immune-mediated mechanisms of disease. They both are characterized by the production of thyroid autoantibodies and by thyroidal lymphocytic infiltration, despite being clinically distinct entities with thyrotoxicosis in GD and hypothyroidism in HT. Family and population studies confirm the strong genetic influence and inheritability in the development of AITD. AITD susceptibility genes can be categorized as either thyroid specific (Tg, TSHR) or immune-modulating (FOXP3, CD25, CD40, CTLA-4, HLA), with HLA-DR3 carrying the highest risk. Of the AITD susceptibility genes, FOXP3 and CD25 play critical roles in the establishment of peripheral tolerance while CD40, CTLA-4, and the HLA genes are pivotal for T lymphocyte activation and antigen presentation. Polymorphisms in these immune-modulating genes, in particular, significantly contribute to the predisposition for GD, HT and, unsurprisingly, other autoimmune diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the immunoregulatory genes may functionally hinder the proper development of central and peripheral tolerance and alter T cell interactions with antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the immunological synapse. Thus, susceptibility genes for AITD contribute directly to the key mechanism underlying the development of organ-specific autoimmunity, namely the breakdown in self-tolerance. Here we review the major immune-modulating genes that are associated with AITD and their potential functional effects on thyroidal immune dysregulation.

Indexed as

Genetic Predisposition to DiseaseImmunogeneticsAnimalsAntigen PresentationAutoimmune DiseasesGenetic LociHumansImmune TolerancePhenotypeThyroid DiseasesAutoimmune thyroid diseaseAutoimmunityGraves' diseaseHashimoto's thyroiditisImmunogeneticsPolymorphism

Identifiers

PMID26235382
PMCPMC4628844
OpenAlexW1009820876

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.