Observational studyBMJ quality & safety2016
Environmental factors and their association with emergency department hand hygiene compliance: an observational study.
Observational study in BMJ quality & safety, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Hand hygiene practices for prevention of health care-associated infections associated with admitted infectious patients in the emergency department: a systematic review.Irish journal of medical science · 2023Pooled it
- Adherence to infection prevention and control best practices in emergency units at a tertiary care hospital, Riyadh.BMC emergency medicine · 2026Observational
- High Bed Occupancy Rates in Internal Medicine Departments Are Associated with Lower Hand Hygiene Compliance.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- National Survey on Infection Prevention and Control in United States Emergency Departments.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Protocols versus practice: unravelling clinical checking variations in community pharmacies in England-a multi-method study.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2024Article
- Hand hygiene in emergencies: Multiprofessional perceptions from a mixed methods based online survey in Germany.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2024Article
- SHEA/IDSA/APIC Practice Recommendation: Strategies to prevent healthcare-associated infections through hand hygiene: 2022 Update.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2023Article
- Emergency medicine residency training during COVID-19.Singapore medical journal · 2022Article
- Antimicrobial resistance control in the emergency department: a need for concrete improvement.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2022Article
- Predictors of preventive behavior of nosocomial infections in nursing staff: a structural equation model based on the social cognitive theory.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Compliance with hygiene practices among healthcare workers at an academic hospital emergency department.African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2021Article
- Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant OXA-232-Producing ST15Infection and drug resistance · 2021Article
- Social Determinants of Hallway Bed Use.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2020Article
- Enablers of, and barriers to, optimal glove and mask use for routine care in the emergency department: an ethnographic study of Australian clinicians.Australasian emergency care · 2020Article
- Increased Risk for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Colonization in Intensive Care Units after Hospitalization in Emergency Department.Emerging infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Infection Prevention for the Emergency Department: Out of Reach or Standard of Care?Emergency medicine clinics of North America · 2018Review
- Reported hours of infection education received positively associated with student nurses' ability to comply with infection prevention practices: Results from a nationwide survey.Nurse education today · 2017Article
- Role of Human Factors Engineering in Infection Prevention: Gaps and Opportunities.Current treatment options in infectious diseases · 2017Review
- Article
- When procedures meet practice in community pharmacies: qualitative insights from pharmacists and pharmacy support staff.BMJ open · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesHand hygiene is effective in preventing healthcare-associated infections. Environmental conditions in the emergency department (ED), including crowding and the use of non-traditional patient care areas (ie, hallways), may pose barriers to hand hygiene compliance. We examined the relationship between these environmental conditions and proper hand hygiene.
methodsThis was a single-site, observational study. From October 2013 to January 2014, trained observers recorded hand hygiene compliance among staff in the ED according to the World Health Organization 'My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene'. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse the relationship between environmental conditions and hand hygiene compliance, while controlling for important covariates (eg, hand hygiene indication, glove use, shift, etc).
resultsA total of 1673 hand hygiene opportunities were observed. In multivariable analyses, hand hygiene compliance was significantly lower when the ED was at its highest level of crowding than when the ED was not crowded and lower among hallway care areas than semiprivate care areas (OR=0.39, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.55; OR=0.73, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.97).
conclusionsUnique environmental conditions pose barriers to hand hygiene compliance in the ED setting and should be considered by ED hand hygiene improvement efforts. Further study is needed to evaluate the impact of these environmental conditions on actual rates of infection transmission.
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