ReviewAnnals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology2015
Why has active immunotherapy not worked in lung cancer?
Review in Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiple roles and mechanisms of MUC6 in cancer (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Comprehensive analysis of the immunological implication and prognostic value of MEAK7 in non-small cell lung cancer.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- The multifaceted roles of mucins family in lung cancer: from prognostic biomarkers to promising targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Vaccine-based therapeutic interventions in lung cancer management: A recent perspective.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Neoantigen Identification and Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccines for Lung Cancer Immunotherapy.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a comprehensive critical review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Adoptive cell therapies in thoracic malignancies.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2022Review
- The Prognostic Impact of Lymph Node Dissection on Primary Tumor Resection for Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Population-Based Study.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Human hydatid cyst fluid-induced therapeutic anti-cancer immune responses via NK1.1Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2021Article
- Clinical Efficacy and Future Prospects of Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Early memory differentiation and cell death resistance in T cells predicts melanoma response to sequential anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 immunotherapy.Genes and immunity · 2021Article
- Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer: Are the Promises of Long-Term Benefit Finally Met?Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Review
- Immuno-oncology-the new paradigm of lung cancer treatment.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2020Review
- Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Cryptotanshinone has curative dual anti-proliferative and immunotherapeutic effects on mouse Lewis lung carcinoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2019Article
- The mitochondrial citrate carrier, SLC25A1, drives stemness and therapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer.Cell death and differentiation · 2018Article
- Phase I Trial of Intratumoral Injection ofClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2017Article
- Identification of new MUC1 epitopes using HLA-transgenic animals: implication for immunomonitoring.Journal of translational medicine · 2017Article
- A T cell equation as a conceptual model of T cell responses for maximizing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.SOJ immunology · 2017Article
- Potential role of immunotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.OncoTargets and therapy · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccines that rely on active specific stimulation of the host immune system have the potential to trigger durable antitumor responses with minimal toxicity. However, in nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), several large phase III trials of vaccines reported within the last year have yielded disappointing results. Compared with placebo, belagenpumatucel-L (an allogenic tumor cell vaccine), tecemotide (a peptide vaccine targeting MUC-1) and melanoma-associated antigen-A3 (a protein-based vaccine) did not improve outcomes in NSCLC. The lack of clinically significant outcomes, despite their ability to prime and expand tumor antigen-specific T cells could at least partly be attributed to the inability of vaccine-induced T-cell responses to overcome the tumoral mechanisms of immune escape which limit the clonal expansion of T cells following vaccination. A number of such mechanisms have been recognized including reduced antigen presentation, antigenic loss, cytokines, immunosuppressive cells and immune checkpoints. Strategies aimed at modulating the immune checkpoints have shown promise and are on the verge of revolutionizing the therapeutic landscape of metastatic NSCLC. Overcoming immune tolerance and improving the activation of antitumor T cells via combinatorial approaches may represent a new and more promising therapeutic application for active immunotherapies in NSCLC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.