Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26232240›Full record

ArticleSchizophrenia research2015

Structural correlates of formal thought disorder in schizophrenia: An ultra-high field multivariate morphometry study.

Lena Palaniyappan, Jenaid Mahmood, Vijender Balain, Olivier Mougin, Penny A Gowland, Peter F Liddle

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Schizophrenia research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02882204 (Tracking Outcomes in Psychosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02882204 unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

Tracking Outcomes in Psychosis

TypeobservationalSponsorLondon Health Sciences Centre Research Institute OR Lawson Research Institute of St. Joseph'sRan2016 to 2023Enrolled168ConditionsSchizophrenia
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Structural neuroimaging correlates of semantic incoherence in schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Distinct structural deficits in treatment-resistant schizophrenia and their putative neurotransmitter basis: a source-based morphometry analysis.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
    Article
  5. The effect of impoverishment of thought in early psychosis: Influence on suicide risk via depression and aggression.Dusunen adam : Bakirkoy Ruh ve Sinir Hastaliklari Hastanesi yayin organi · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Lena PalaniyappanTranslational Neuroimaging for Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry & Applied Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, UK; Early Intervention in Psychosis, Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK. Electronic address: Lena.Palaniyappan@nottingham.ac.uk.
Jenaid MahmoodTranslational Neuroimaging for Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry & Applied Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, UK.
Vijender BalainPenticton Regional Hospital, Penticton, British Columbia, Canada.
Olivier MouginSir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics, University of Nottingham, UK.
Penny A GowlandSir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics, University of Nottingham, UK.
Peter F LiddleTranslational Neuroimaging for Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry & Applied Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, UK.
Institute of Mental Health · GBUniversity of Nottingham · GBPenticton Regional Hospital · CA

Funding

Medical Research Council G0601442Wellcome Trust WT096002/Z/11
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPersistent formal thought disorder (FTD) is one of the most characteristic features of schizophrenia. Several neuroimaging studies report spatially distinct neuroanatomical changes in association with FTD. Given that most studies so far have employed a univariate localisation approach that obscures the study of covarying interregional relationships, the present study focussed on the multivariate systemic pattern of anatomical changes that contribute to FTD.

methodsSpeech samples from nineteen medicated clinically stable schizophrenia patients and 20 healthy controls were evaluated for subtle formal thought disorder. Ultra high-field (7T) anatomical Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans were obtained from all subjects. Multivariate morphometric patterns were identified using an independent component approach (source based morphometry). Using multiple regression analysis, the morphometric patterns predicting positive and negative FTD scores were identified.

resultsMorphometric variations in grey matter predicted a substantial portion of inter-individual variance in negative but not positive FTD. A pattern of concomitant striato-insular/precuneus reduction along with frontocingular grey matter increase had a significant association with negative FTD.

conclusionsThese results suggest that concomitant increase and decrease in grey matter occur in association with persistent negative thought disorder in clinically stable individuals with schizophrenia.

Indexed as

Brain MappingSchizophrenic PsychologyAdolescentAdultBrainFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesRegression AnalysisSchizophreniaCingulate cortexDisorganisationFormal thought disorderGrey matter volumeInsulaMorphometryStriatum

Identifiers

PMID26232240
PMCPMC4604249
OpenAlexW2125652023

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.