ArticleCurrent environmental health reports2015
Overview of Disinfection By-products and Associated Health Effects.
Article in Current environmental health reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 281 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heterogeneity in the Relationship between Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water and Cancer: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Pooled it
- Ingested nitrate and nitrite, disinfection by-products, and pancreatic cancer risk in postmenopausal women.International journal of cancer · 2018Trial
- Disinfection Byproducts and Inorganic Contaminants in the U.S. Correctional Facility Public Water Systems.Environmental justice (Print) · 2026Article
- Enhanced Formation of Brominated and Nitrogenous Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water Disinfection with Chlorocyanurates.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Temperature-Dependent Regulation of Co-Occurring Toxins, Odor Compounds, and Disinfection By-Product Precursors in Two Bloom-Forming Species.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Endolysin-based biocontrol strategies againstFood science and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Application of Toxicologically Informed Relative Potency Factors to Examine Associations between Water Disinfection Byproducts and Birth Defects.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Community Water Trihalomethanes and Chronic Kidney Disease.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Review
- Exposome-Scale Investigation of Cl-/Br-Containing Chemicals Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Multistage Machine Learning, and Cloud Computing.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Moving Beyond the Silos of Opportunistic Pathogen and Disinfection Byproduct Research to Improve Drinking Water System Management.Environmental science & technology · 2025Review
- Long-Term Exposure to Nitrate and Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water and Gastric Cancer: A Multicase-Control Study in Spain (MCC-Spain).Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Review
- [Advances in molecular networking technology for discovering emerging contaminants and transformation products].Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- Point-of-use chlorine residuals and disinfection byproduct occurrences in rural households served by public water utilities in Appalachian Virginia.Journal of water and health · 2024Article
- Article
- ChloroDBPFinder: Machine Learning-Guided Recognition of Chlorinated Disinfection Byproducts from Nontargeted LC-HRMS Analysis.Analytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Insights to estimate exposure to regulated and non-regulated disinfection by-products in drinking water.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The presence of chemical compounds formed as disinfection by-products (DBPs) is widespread in developed countries, and virtually whole populations are exposed to these chemicals through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal absorption from drinking water and swimming pools. Epidemiological evidence has shown a consistent association between long-term exposure to trihalomethanes and the risk of bladder cancer, although the causal nature of the association is not conclusive. Evidence concerning other cancer sites is insufficient or mixed. Numerous studies have evaluated reproductive implications, including sperm quality, time to pregnancy, menstrual cycle, and pregnancy outcomes such as fetal loss, fetal growth, preterm delivery, and congenital malformation. The body of evidence suggests only minor effects from high exposure during pregnancy on fetal growth indices such as small for gestational age (SGA) at birth. Populations highly exposed to swimming pools such as pool workers and professional swimmers show a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms and asthma, respectively, although the direction of the association, and thus causality, is not clear among professional swimmers. The risk of asthma, wheezing, eczema, and other respiratory outcomes among children attending swimming pools has been the object of extensive research. Early studies suggested a positive association, while subsequent larger studies found no correlations or showed a protective association. Future research should develop methods to evaluate the effects of the DBP mixture and the interaction with personal characteristics (e.g., genetics, lifestyle), clarify the association between swimming pools and respiratory health, evaluate the occurrence of DBPs in low- and middle-income countries, and evaluate outcomes suggested by animal studies that have not been considered in epidemiological investigations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.