Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26231192›Full record

ArticleClinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN2015

Hyponatremia and Cognitive Impairment in Patients Treated with Peritoneal Dialysis.

Rong Xu, Hai-chen Pi, Zu-ying Xiong, Jin-lan Liao, Li Hao, Gui-ling Liu, Ye-Ping Ren, Qin Wang, Zhao-xia Zheng, Li-ping Duan and 1 more

Open access · greenAbstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  11. A Case-Control Study of Cognitive Function in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Before and After Hemodialysis in Southern Spain.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2023
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Observational
  14. Article
  15. Review
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  17. Article
  18. Hyponatremia and Oxidative Stress.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Review
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  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Rong XuRenal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China;
Hai-chen PiRenal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China;
Zu-ying XiongRenal Division, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China;
Jin-lan LiaoRenal Division, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China;
Li HaoRenal Division, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China;
Gui-ling LiuRenal Division, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China;
Ye-Ping RenRenal Division, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China; and.
Qin WangRenal Division, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China; and.
Zhao-xia ZhengRenal Division, Handan Central Hospital, Hebei, China.
Li-ping DuanRenal Division, Handan Central Hospital, Hebei, China.
Jie DongRenal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; dongjie@medmail.com.cn.
Harbin Medical University · CNPeking University First Hospital · CNPeking University Shenzhen Hospital · CNAnhui Medical University · CNPeking University · CNSecond Hospital of Anhui Medical University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesHyponatremia has been identified as a relevant factor for cognitive impairment but has not been investigated in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). This study investigated the relationship between hyponatremia and cognitive functions in PD patients. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: A total of 476 clinically stable patients from five PD units who were older than 18 years of age and had undergone PD for at least 3 months between March 2013 and March 2014 were enrolled in this multicenter cross-sectional study. Global cognitive function was measured using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS); executive function, by trail making tests A (trails A) and B (trails B); and immediate memory, delayed memory, and language ability, by subtests of Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Hyponatremia was defined as serum sodium level ≤135 mmol/L, which was calculated as the mean of measurements taken over the preceding 3 months.

resultsFifty patients (10.5%) had hyponatremia; these patients tended to be older and less educated, to have less inflammation, and to have the higher prevalence of cognitive impairment. They also had lower scores on RBANS subtests. After adjustment for demographic and clinical confounders, hyponatremia was independently associated with lower 3MS score (coefficient, -5.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], -8.44 to -2.13) and longer completion time of trials A (coefficient, 22.68; 95% CI, 3.44 to 41.92) and B (coefficient, 45.56; 95% CI, 1.30 to 89.81). After additional adjustment for laboratory measures, hyponatremia was still associated with 3MS score and completion time of trails A. Hyponatremia was independently associated with CI (odds ratio, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.02 to 4.94) and executive dysfunction (odds ratio, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.01 to 5.87) using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Sensitivity analyses with multivariable models that included propensity score still supported the association between hyponatremia and cognitive impairment.

conclusionsHyponatremia was associated with global and specific cognitive impairment in PD patients.

Indexed as

AdultAgedChinaCognitionCognitive DysfunctionCross-Sectional StudiesExecutive FunctionFemaleHumansHyponatremiaMaleMiddle AgedPeritoneal DialysisPrevalenceRenal Insufficiency, ChronicSodiumSodiumcognitive impairmentexecutive dysfunctionhyponatremiaperitoneal dialysis

Identifiers

PMID26231192
PMCPMC4594065
OpenAlexW1948300980

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.