ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2015
Infections and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Binding or Sparring Partners?
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- The fourth trimester and challenges for the lupus patient.EULAR rheumatology open · 2025Review
- Healthcare Interventions in the Management of Rheumatic Diseases: A Narrative Analysis of Effectiveness and Emerging Strategies.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Exploring genetic associations in systemic lupus erythematosus through Mendelian randomization: implications for novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Article
- Landscape of immune cells in systematic lupus erythematosus patients with Epstein-Barr virus infection: assessed by single-cell sequencing.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Gene profiling of Epstein-Barr Virus and human endogenous retrovirus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SLE patients: immune response implications.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Why is it so difficult to understand why we don't understand human systemic lupus erythematosus? Contemplating facts, conflicts, and impact of "the causality cascade paradigm".Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The relationship between infectious agents and juvenile dermatomyositis: a narrative update from the pediatric perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- No evidence of genetic causal association between sex hormone-related traits and systemic lupus erythematosus: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Clinical rheumatology · 2023Article
- Characteristics and clustering analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in children with systemic lupus erythematosus complicated with clinical infection.Clinical rheumatology · 2023Article
- Review
- Epstein‒Barr virus and human herpesvirus 6 infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Virology journal · 2023Article
- A Case of Previously Undiagnosed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus andCase reports in rheumatology · 2023Article
- Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in a Patient with Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain: A Nation-Wide Registry Study.Viruses · 2022Article
- Targeting DAMPs with nucleic acid scavengers to treat lupus.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Review
- Tuberculosis and Autoimmunity.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2022Review
- Exploring causal correlations between inflammatory cytokines and systemic lupus erythematosus: A Mendelian randomization.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extensive work on experimental animal models clearly demonstrates that infectious agents can break immunological tolerance to self-antigens and induce autoimmune disorders, mainly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The establishment of a causative link between infections and autoimmunity has been largely studied in a host of clinical studies, proving the role of infectious agents in the induction, as well as in the progression or exacerbation of SLE. However, we are far from a plain understanding of microbial-host interactions in the pathogenesis of SLE. Much serological, molecular and geoepidemiological evidence supports the relationship of different environmental infectious triggers in the inception of SLE-related autoimmune phenomena with adjuvant effects. The promotion of autoimmune responses through bystander activation or epitope spreading via multiple inflammatory pathways has been confirmed in animal models. Different viruses have been implicated in SLE pathogenesis, particularly Epstein-Barr virus, but also parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus and retroviruses. SLE patients usually have an impaired immune response towards Epstein-Barr virus and dysregulation of the viral latency period. Furthermore, the accumulation of endogenous retroviral products might trigger the production of interferon and anti-DNA antibodies. In addition, protozoan infections might even protect from autoimmune processes and rescind an ongoing B cell activation. Herein, we discuss which type of infections induce, exacerbate or inhibit autoimmune disorders and analyze the principal infection-induced immunological mechanisms influencing the development of SLE.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.