Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26230630›Full record

ArticlePLoS pathogens2015

Transfer of Immunity from Mother to Offspring Is Mediated via Egg-Yolk Protein Vitellogenin.

Heli Salmela, Gro V Amdam, Dalial Freitak

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS pathogens, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
106citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

106 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Population Genetic Study ofEcology and evolution · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Honey-derivedVirulence · 2025
    Article
  7. Animal medical systems from Apis to apes: history, recent advances and future perspectives.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Elevated virus infection of honey bee queens reduces methyl oleate production and destabilizes colony-level social structure.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  10. Evidence for vitellogenin DNA-binding in honey bees.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Heli SalmelaCentre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland & University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Gro V AmdamSchool of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway.
Dalial FreitakCentre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland & University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Insect immune systems can recognize specific pathogens and prime offspring immunity. High specificity of immune priming can be achieved when insect females transfer immune elicitors into developing oocytes. The molecular mechanism behind this transfer has been a mystery. Here, we establish that the egg-yolk protein vitellogenin is the carrier of immune elicitors. Using the honey bee, Apis mellifera, model system, we demonstrate with microscopy and western blotting that vitellogenin binds to bacteria, both Paenibacillus larvae--the gram-positive bacterium causing American foulbrood disease--and to Escherichia coli that represents gram-negative bacteria. Next, we verify that vitellogenin binds to pathogen-associated molecular patterns; lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan and zymosan, using surface plasmon resonance. We document that vitellogenin is required for transport of cell-wall pieces of E. coli into eggs by imaging tissue sections. These experiments identify vitellogenin, which is distributed widely in oviparous species, as the carrier of immune-priming signals. This work reveals a molecular explanation for trans-generational immunity in insects and a previously undescribed role for vitellogenin.

Indexed as

AnimalsBeesBlotting, WesternEgg ProteinsFemaleOvumSurface Plasmon ResonanceVitellogeninsEgg ProteinsVitellogenins

Identifiers

PMID26230630
PMCPMC4521805

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.