ArticleDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2015
The humanistic and economic burden associated with increasing body mass index in the EU5.
Article in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Productivity loss due to overweight and obesity: a systematic review of indirect costs.BMJ open · 2017Pooled it
- The Economic Cost of Obesity: A Cost-of-Illness Study in Greece.Applied health economics and health policy · 2026Article
- The humanistic burden of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis on patients and care-partners in the United States.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- The humanistic burden of immunoglobulin A nephropathy on patients and care-partners in the United States.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Experiences and overall impact reported by people living with obesity: results from a multinational study.SAGE open medicine · 2025Article
- Assessing the health and economic burden of obesity-related complications in East-Asian populations: implementation of risk equations in the Core Obesity Model for Japan and model validation.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Impact of headache frequency and preventive medication failure on quality of life, functioning, and costs among individuals with migraine across several European countries: need for effective preventive treatment.The journal of headache and pain · 2023Article
- Relationships between headache frequency, disability, and disability-related unemployment among adults with migraine.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2023Article
- Economic impacts of overweight and obesity: current and future estimates for 161 countries.BMJ global health · 2022Article
- Obesity- attributable costs of absenteeism among working adults in Portugal.BMC public health · 2022Article
- The economic burden of obesity in Italy: a cost-of-illness study.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2022Article
- Expenditure and Nutritional Impact of Banning the Promotion of Foods High in Fat, Sugar and Salt in Scotland.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Non-Surgical Interventions for Hospitalized Adults with Class II or Class III Obesity: A Scoping Review.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2021Article
- Exploring the Impact of Obesity on Health Care Resources and Coding in the Acute Hospital Setting: A Feasibility Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Underreporting of Obesity in Hospital Inpatients: A Comparison of Body Mass Index and Administrative Documentation in Australian Hospitals.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Rising prevalence of BMI ≥40 kg/mObesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2020Review
- Body mass index and lifetime healthcare utilization.BMC health services research · 2019Article
- Testing Emotional Eating Style in Relation to Willingness to Pay for Nutritional Claims.Nutrients · 2019Article
- Using the Medication Adherence Reasons Scale (MAR-Scale) to identify the reasons for non-adherence across multiple disease conditions.Patient preference and adherence · 2019Article
- Use of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision Codes for Obesity: Trends in the United States from an Electronic Health Record-Derived Database.Population health management · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study evaluated the association of body mass index (BMI) with health-related quality of life (HRQoL), health utilities, health care resource utilization, productivity, activity impairment, and the associated costs.
methodsResults were from the 2013 EU5 (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK) National Health and Wellness Survey, a nationally representative, online survey of respondents aged ≥18 years. Analyses focused on normal weight (BMI ≥18.5 kg/m(2) and BMI <25 kg/m(2)), overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m(2) and BMI <30 kg/m(2)), Obese Class (OC) I (BMI ≥30 kg/m(2) and BMI <35 kg/m(2)), OC II (BMI ≥35 kg/m(2) and BMI <40 kg/m(2)), and OC III (BMI ≥40 kg/m(2)) respondents. Outcomes included HRQoL (Short Form [SF]-36v2), health utilities (SF-six dimension [6D]), productivity loss (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire), and resource utilization (provider visits, emergency room visits, and hospitalizations) in the past 6 months. Direct and indirect costs were estimated from the literature. Generalized linear regression models predicted outcomes as a function of BMI, adjusting for covariates (age, sex, comorbidities).
resultsAmong 58,364 respondents, 46.9% were normal weight, 34.5% were overweight, 12.5% were OC I, 4.0% were OC II, and 2.1% were OC III. Metabolic comorbidities increased as BMI increased. After adjustments, all three OC respondents exhibited significantly lower HRQoL than normal weight respondents. Health utilities (normal weight: 0.720; overweight: 0.718; OC I: 0.703; OC II: 0.683; OC III: 0.662) declined with an increase in BMI (all P<0.05 vs normal). Among employed respondents (57.7%), overall work impairment increased as BMI increased. Normal (vs all OCs) had lower activity impairment and fewer provider visits, lower indirect costs (normal weight: €7,974; overweight: €7,825; OC I: €8,465; OC II: €9,394; OC III: €10,437), and lower total direct costs (normal weight: €516; overweight: €553; OC I: €583; OC II: €605; OC III: €717), all P<0.05.
conclusionIncreased BMI was associated with worse HRQoL, greater comorbidities, higher direct and indirect costs, and worse health utilities. Weight management may improve patient outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.