ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2015
Viruses transfer the antiviral second messenger cGAMP between cells.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 156 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
156 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 242 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiple Inhibitory Factors Act in the Late Phase of HIV-1 Replication: a Systematic Review of the Literature.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2018Pooled it
- The cGAS-STING/MITA pathway in innate antiviral immunity and beyond.Cell insight · 2026Review
- Review
- Viral capsid delivery of cGAMP enhances STING-dependent antitumor immune response.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Polyamine sequestration of 2'3'-cGAMP constrains intercellular transmission and STING engagement to subvert antitumor immunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Extracellular cGAMP in health and disease.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Bacterial 2',3'-cGAMP activates a SAVED effector to form membrane-disrupting filaments and restrict phage replication.Cell host & microbe · 2026Article
- Low-dose radiotherapy remodels the tumor immune microenvironment via the cGAS-STING pathway: mechanisms, challenges, and combination therapy strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Peritoneal exosomes mediate activation of CD4Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- The cGAS-STING pathway at the crossroads of neuroimmunology: bridging innate immunity to aging and neurodegeneration.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- SGIV envelope protein VP088 facilitated virus replication via interacting with other viral proteins and promoting p62-dependent autophagic degradation of TBK1.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial peptide Pt5-1c exerts potent immunomodulatory and antiviral effects by facilitating cellular delivery of cGAMP.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Antagonistic co-evolution throughout the herpesvirus life cycle.Virus evolution · 2026Review
- Restoration of cGAS in cancer cells promotes antitumor immunity via transfer of cancer cell-generated cGAMP.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Breaking barriers: The cGAS-STING pathway as a novel frontier in cancer immunotherapy.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2025Review
- Turning cold tumors into hot tumors to ignite immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- cGAS activation converges with intracellular acidification to promote STING aggregation and pyroptosis in tumor models.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Regulation of cGAS-STING signalling and its diversity of cellular outcomes.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- HSV-1 virions and related particles: biogenesis and implications in the infection.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Herpes simplex virus-1 targets the 2'-3'cGAMP importer SLC19A1 as an antiviral countermeasure.Virology · 2025Article
96 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) detects cytosolic DNA during virus infection and induces an antiviral state. cGAS signals by synthesis of a second messenger, cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which activates stimulator of interferon genes (STING). We show that cGAMP is incorporated into viral particles, including lentivirus and herpesvirus virions, when these are produced in cGAS-expressing cells. Virions transferred cGAMP to newly infected cells and triggered a STING-dependent antiviral program. These effects were independent of exosomes and viral nucleic acids. Our results reveal a way by which a signal for innate immunity is transferred between cells, potentially accelerating and broadening antiviral responses. Moreover, infection of dendritic cells with cGAMP-loaded lentiviruses enhanced their activation. Loading viral vectors with cGAMP therefore holds promise for vaccine development.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.