ReviewNature reviews. Drug discovery2015
Combination cancer immunotherapy and new immunomodulatory targets.
Review in Nature reviews. Drug discovery, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 698 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase II Study of Combinations of Dendritic Cells and Cytokine-induced Killer Cell （D-CIK) Immunotherapy And Anti-Programmed Death-1 In Refractory Solid Tumors
A Study of Anti-PD-1( Pembrolizumab) Combinations of D-CIK (Cytokine-induced Killer Cells Are Stimulated Using Mature Dendritic Cells) Immunotherapy and Axitinib in Advanced Ranal Carcinoma
Who cites it
698 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,325 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prognostic value of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative effectiveness and safety of immunotherapeutic strategies in ovarian cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in advanced cancer: clinical association of irAEs type, inflammatory markers and efficacy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of camrelizumab for the treatment of cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Dual Immune Checkpoint Inhibition Plus Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Chidamide plus envafolimab as subsequent treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients resistant to anti-PD-1 therapy: A multicohort, open-label, phase II trial with biomarker analysis.Cancer medicine · 2024Trial
- Association of SUVmax and never-smoker/never- or minimally-drinker history with PD-L1 expression in resected oral squamous cell carcinoma: a nodal-status-stratified analysis.Annals of nuclear medicine · 2026Article
- Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Model Predicts Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy of Combined Cytotoxic T‑Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4) and Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) Blockade in a Syngeneic Mouse Model of Breast Cancer.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy With Anti-PD-1 Versus Anti-PD-L1 in SCLC: A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis.MedComm · 2026Article
- Pyroptosis-Amplified Decoy Nanovesicles Orchestrate Pyroptotic Antigen Explosion and Endogenous Immune Revitalization for Potentiating Tumour Immunotherapy.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Glutathione-depleting self-immolative nanoparticles boost cuproptosis-driven metalloimmunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Nanomedicine in immunotherapy of urinary system tumors: advances, synergistic strategies, and translational challenges.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Mechanistic roles of long non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer therapy resistance.Non-coding RNA research · 2026Review
- Strategies to target PD-1/PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Comprehensive analysis identifies PKMYT1 as an oncogene and potential prognostic and immunological biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Tumor-specific antibody cocktail treatment suppresses colorectal tumor growth in mice.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Advanced immunotherapy across diseases and the role of artificial intelligence: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2026Review
- Single-Cell Transcriptomic Atlas of Chicken Ovarian Aging and Cancer Drives Prognostic Model Development.Cancers · 2026Article
- Case report and literature review: isolated ACTH deficiency induced by combined nivolumab and trastuzumab therapy in gastric adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Metabolic Reprogramming ofCancer communications (London, England) · 2026Article
638 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Targeting immune checkpoints such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) has achieved noteworthy benefit in multiple cancers by blocking immunoinhibitory signals and enabling patients to produce an effective antitumour response. Inhibitors of CTLA4, PD1 or PDL1 administered as single agents have resulted in durable tumour regression in some patients, and combinations of PD1 and CTLA4 inhibitors may enhance antitumour benefit. Numerous additional immunomodulatory pathways as well as inhibitory factors expressed or secreted by myeloid and stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment are potential targets for synergizing with immune checkpoint blockade. Given the breadth of potential targets in the immune system, critical questions to address include which combinations should move forward in development and which patients will benefit from these treatments. This Review discusses the leading drug targets that are expressed on tumour cells and in the tumour microenvironment that allow enhancement of the antitumour immune response.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.