ArticlePublic health nutrition2016
Are 24 h urinary sodium excretion and sodium:potassium independently associated with obesity in Chinese adults?
Article in Public health nutrition, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03296332 (Shandong and Ministry of Health Action on Salt and Hypertension Project), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Shandong and Ministry of Health Action on Salt and Hypertension Project (SMASH)
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potassium and Obesity/Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Epidemiological Evidence.Nutrients · 2016Pooled it
- Sex difference in the relationship between 24-h sodium-potassium ratio and prevalence of metabolic syndromes: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The power of the left atrioventricular coupling index in cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- The availability, price, and characteristics of low sodium salt based on an online salt market survey in China: Implications for scaling up its use.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2023Article
- A Longitudinal Investigation on the Effects of Sodium and Potassium Intake on the Development of Hypertension and Abdominal Obesity from Childhood to Young Adulthood amongst Ellisras Rural Population, South Africa.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Genotypic variation in Na, K and their ratio in 45 commercial cultivars of Indian tropical onion: A pressing need to reduce hypertension among the population.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Dietary Reference Intakes of sodium for Koreans: focusing on a new DRI component for chronic disease risk reduction.Nutrition research and practice · 2022Review
- Sodium and potassium intakes and adiposity among Iranian pre-adolescents and adolescents: a cross-sectional study.Nutrition journal · 2022Observational
- Relationship between 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure in the adult population in Shandong, China.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2019Article
- Salt intake and prevalence of overweight/obesity in Japan, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States: the INTERMAP Study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Article
- 24-h urinary sodium to potassium ratio and its association with obesity in children and adolescents.European journal of nutrition · 2019Article
- Arsenic and Obesity: A Comparison of Urine Dilution Adjustment Methods.Environmental health perspectives · 2017Article
- Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio: it may be SMART, but is it easy?Public health nutrition · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the association of 24 h urinary Na excretion and Na:K with obesity in Chinese adults.
designPopulation-based cross-sectional study using a four-stage stratified sampling strategy.
settingShandong Province, China. SUBJECTS: Chinese adults (n 1906) aged 18-69 years who provided complete 24 h urine samples.
resultsOdds of obesity increased significantly across increasing quartiles of urinary Na excretion (1·00, 1·54, 1·69 and 2·52, respectively, for overweight; 1·00, 1·20, 1·50, and 2·03, respectively, for obesity; 1·00, 1·44, 1·85 and 2·53, respectively, for abdominal obesity (assessed by waist circumference); and 1·00, 1·28, 1·44 and 1·75, respectively, for abdominal obesity (assessed by waist-to-height ratio); P for linear trend <0·001 for all). In addition, odds of abdominal obesity, but not odds of overweight and obesity, increased significantly with successive Na:K quartiles. Additionally, for each increment in urinary Na excretion of 100 mmol, odds of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity (by waist circumference) and abdominal obesity (by waist-to-height ratio) increased significantly by 46 %, 39 %, 55 % and 33 %, respectively. Similarly, with a 1 sd increase in Na:K, odds of abdominal obesity (by waist circumference) and abdominal obesity (by waist-to-height ratio) increased significantly by 12 % and 15 %, respectively.
conclusionsThese findings suggest that 24 h urinary Na excretion and Na:K might be important risk factors for obesity in Chinese adults.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.