ArticleBMC health services research2015
Who pays for home care? A study of nationally representative data on disabled older Americans.
Article in BMC health services research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Paying for home care: a cross-sectional study of participants of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Exploring Place of Death among Individuals with Huntington's Disease in the United States.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2025Article
- Article
- Investigating the Connections Between Delivery of Care, Reablement, Workload, and Organizational Factors in Home Care Services: Mixed Methods Study.JMIR human factors · 2023Article
- The Effects of Increasing State Minimum Wage on Family and Paid Caregiving.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2023Article
- Cross-national differences in wealth inequality in health services and caregiving used near the end of life.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Care disruptions among the homebound during the COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis of the role of dementia.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2022Article
- Implementation and costs of housing adaptations among older adults with different functional limitations in Japan.BMC geriatrics · 2022Article
- Caring Together: Trajectories of Paid and Family Caregiving Support to Those Living in the Community With Dementia.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2022Article
- "I Am the Home Care Agency": The Dementia Family Caregiver Experience Managing Paid Care in the Home.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Personal Care Aides as Household Employees and Independent Contractors: Estimating the Size and Job Characteristics of the Workforce.Innovation in aging · 2022Article
- Article
- Association Between New-Onset Medicaid Home Care and Family Caregivers' Health.JAMA health forum · 2021Article
- Family Caregiving and Place of Death: Insights From Cross-national Analysis of the Harmonized End-of-Life Data.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2021Article
- Article
- Whose responsibility? Elder support norms regarding the provision and financing of assistance with daily activities across economically developed countries.European journal of ageing · 2020Article
- Financial Catastrophism Inherent with Out-of-Pocket Payments in Long Term Care for Households: A Latent Impoverishment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Article
- Perspectives of Post-Acute Transition of Care for Cardiac Surgery Patients.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe examine who pays for services that support disabled older Americans at home. We consider both personal sources (e.g., out-of-pocket payment, family members) and publicly funded programs (e.g., Medicaid) as sources of payment for services. We examine how the funding mix for home care services is related to older people's economic resources, needs for care, and other socio-demographic characteristics.
methodsOur sample consists of 11,725 person-years from the 1989, 1994, 1999, and 2004 waves of the National Long-Term Care Survey. Two-part regression analyses were performed to model hours of care received from each payer. "Random effects" and "fixed effects" estimation yielded similar results.
resultsAbout six in ten caregivers (63%) providing home care services are paid by personal sources alone. By contrast, 28% receive payment from publicly funded programs alone, and 9% from a combination of personal and public program sources. Older people with family incomes over 75,000 dollars per year receive 8.5 more hours of home care overall than those in the lowest income category (less than 15,000 dollars). While the funding mix for home care services is strongly related to older people's economic resources, in all income groups at least 65% of services are provided by caregivers paid in whole or in part from personal sources. In fact, almost all (97%) home care received by those with family incomes over 75,000 dollars per year are financed by personal sources alone.
conclusionsWe outline the implications that heavy reliance on personally financed services and economic disparities in overall services use has for disabled older Americans and their families.
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Registered trials
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