ArticleCerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland)2015
Cigarette Smoking and Carotid Plaque Echodensity in the Northern Manhattan Study.
Article in Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Carotid Plaque Stiffness Assessed Using Ultrasound Shear-Wave Elastography.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2026Article
- The study on risk assessment of carotid plaques in the Northern Chinese population based on LASSO regression.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- [Relationship between lipid metabolism molecules in plasma and carotid atheroscle-rotic plaques, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and dietary factors].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2024Article
- The association of carotid plaque burden and composition and the coronary artery calcium score in intermediate cardiovascular risk patients.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2024Article
- The relationship between intracranial atherosclerosis and white matter hyperintensity in ischemic stroke patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study using high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- Determinants of Carotid Wall Echolucency in a Cohort of European High Cardiovascular Risk Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of IMPROVE Baseline Data.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Glucose-lowering medications and glucose levels as the major determinants of progression of carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged adults and elders: a community-based prospective study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Combinatorial Use of Machine Learning and Logistic Regression for Predicting Carotid Plaque Risk Among 5.4 Million Adults With Fatty Liver Disease Receiving Health Check-Ups: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- Article
- Correlation between Coronary Artery Disease with Other Arterial Systems: Similar, Albeit Separate, Underlying Pathophysiologic Mechanisms.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Review
- Combined effects of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus on the presence and severity of carotid atherosclerosis in community-dwelling elders: A community-based study.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2023Article
- Carotid Atherosclerosis, Ultrasound and Lipoproteins.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- The Predictive Value of Carotid Ultrasonography With Cardiovascular Risk Factors-A "SPIDER" Promoting Atherosclerosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Review
- Association of Carotid Atherosclerosis With Lipid Components in Asymptomatic Low-Income Chinese: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- Modifiable risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Annals of translational medicine · 2019Article
- Novel and Known Gene-Smoking Interactions With cIMT Identified as Potential Drivers for Atherosclerosis Risk in West-African Populations of the AWI-Gen Study.Frontiers in genetics · 2019Article
- Correlation between hypertension and common carotid artery intima-media thickness in rural China: a population-based study.Journal of human hypertension · 2018Article
- Echogenicity of the carotid arterial wall in active smokers.Journal of diagnostic medical sonography : JDMS · 2018Article
- Short sleep is associated with more depressive symptoms in a multi-ethnic cohort of older adults.Sleep medicine · 2017Article
- Risk factors of carotid plaque and carotid common artery intima-media thickening in a high-stroke-risk population.Brain and behavior · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe sought to determine the association between cigarette smoking and carotid plaque ultrasound morphology in a multiethnic cohort.
methodsWe analyzed 1,743 stroke-free participants (mean age 65.5 ± 8.9 years; 60% women; 18% white, 63% Hispanic, 19% black; 14% current and 38% former smokers, 48% never smoked) from the Northern Manhattan Study using an ultrasound index of plaque echodensity, the Gray-Scale Median (GSM). Echolucent plaque (low GSM) represents soft plaque and echodense (high GSM) more calcified plaque. The mean GSM weighted by plaque area for each plaque was calculated for those with multiple plaques. Quintiles of GSM were compared to no plaque. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess associations of cigarette smoking with GSM, adjusting for demographics and vascular risk factors.
resultsAmong subjects with carotid plaque (58%), the mean GSM scores for quintiles 1-5 were 48, 72, 90, 105, and 128, respectively. Current smokers had over a two fold increased risk of having GSM in quintile 1 (odds ratio (OR) = 2.17; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.34-3.52), quintile 2 (OR = 2.33; 95% CI, 1.42-3.83), quintile 4 (OR = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.19-3.51), and quintile 5 (OR = 2.13; 95% CI, 1.27-3.56) but not in quintile 3 (OR = 1.18; 95% CI, 0.67-2.10) as compared to never smokers in fully adjusted models. Former smokers had increased risk in quintile 2 (OR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.00-2.12), quintile 3 (OR = 1.56; 95% CI, 1.09-2.24), quintile 4 (OR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.13-2.42), and quintile 5 (OR = 1.73; 95% CI, 1.19-2.51), but not in quintile 1 (OR = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.72-1.55).
conclusionsA nonlinear, V-shaped-like relationship between current cigarette smoking and plaque echodensity was observed. Former smokers were at the highest risk for plaques in high GSM quintiles. Thus, current smokers were more likely to have either soft or calcified plaques and former smokers were at greater risk of having only echodense plaques when compared to those who have never smoked. Further research is needed to determine if plaque morphology mediates an association between smoking and clinical vascular events.
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