SynthesisAddiction (Abingdon, England)2015
Personality and smoking: individual-participant meta-analysis of nine cohort studies.
Synthesis in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 128 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 256 citations in OpenAlex.
- Personality and cardiovascular mortality risk: a multi-cohort analysis in individuals with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Personality and Risk of Arthritis in Six Longitudinal Samples.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Personality traits and mediating pathways to mortality risk: A systematic review.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2024Pooled it
- Personality associations with lung function and dyspnea: Evidence from six studies.Respiratory medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Five-factor model personality traits and grip strength: Meta-analysis of seven studies.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2022Pooled it
- Neuroticism and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2021Pooled it
- Cross-sectional and prospective association between personality traits and IADL/ADL limitations.Psychology and aging · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Associations between sociodemographic and obstetric factors, and childbirth experience.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Trial
- Moderators of smoking cessation outcomes in a randomized-controlled trial of varenicline versus placebo.Psychopharmacology · 2017Trial
- Personality trait and state associations with cognitive functioning and variability in middle-aged and older adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- A Taxonomy of Data Synthesis.Personality & social psychology bulletin · 2026Article
- From Diagnosis to Behaviour Change: Applying the Health Action Process Approach to Smoking Cessation After Head and Neck Cancer.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Smoking behavior and nicotine dependence: the predictive role of personality traits.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The Effect of Personality Traits and Psychological Resilience of University Students on Psychological Dependence on Cigarettes.Addiction & health · 2026Article
- Personality as mechanism: An integrative model of five-factor model personality traits as a mechanism between earlier life factors and cognitive aging.Current opinion in psychology · 2025Review
- Integrating variable centered and person centered approaches for personality and nicotine use.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Five-factor model personality traits and cognition in the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol sub-study of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe.International journal of personality psychology · 2025Article
- The relationship between work addiction and addictions to social media, shopping, food, caffeine, and nicotine.Australian journal of psychology · 2025Article
- From traits to puffs: The interplay of personality, pandemic stress, and smoking behaviors.PloS one · 2025Article
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between personality and smoking, and test whether socio-demographic factors modify these associations.
designCross-sectional and longitudinal individual-participant meta-analysis.
settingNine cohort studies from Australia, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States.
participantsA total of 79 757 men and women (mean age = 50.8 years). MEASUREMENTS: Personality traits of the five-factor model (extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience) were used as exposures. Outcomes were current smoking status (current smoker, ex-smoker and never smoker), smoking initiation, smoking relapse and smoking cessation. Associations between personality and smoking were modelled using logistic and multinomial logistic regression, and study-specific findings were combined using random-effect meta-analysis.
findingsCurrent smoking was associated with higher extraversion [odds ratio per 1 standard deviation increase in the score: 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08-1.24], higher neuroticism (1.19; 95% CI = 1.13-1.26) and lower conscientiousness (95% CI = 0.88; 0.83-0.94). Among non-smokers, smoking initiation during the follow-up period was predicted prospectively by higher extraversion (1.22; 95% CI = 1.04-1.43) and lower conscientiousness (0.80; 95% CI = 0.68-0.93), whereas higher neuroticism (1.16; 95% CI = 1.04-1.30) predicted smoking relapse among ex-smokers. Among smokers, smoking cessation was negatively associated with neuroticism (0.91; 95% CI = 0.87-0.96). Socio-demographic variables did not appear to modify the associations between personality and smoking.
conclusionsAdult smokers have higher extraversion, higher neuroticism and lower conscientiousness personality scores than non-smokers. Initiation into smoking is associated positively with higher extraversion and lower conscientiousness, while relapse to smoking among ex-smokers is associated with higher neuroticism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.