ArticlePloS one2015
Laboratory Diagnostics Market in East Africa: A Survey of Test Types, Test Availability, and Test Prices in Kampala, Uganda.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Strengthening laboratory systems for ensuring accurate diagnoses in mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) prevention programs in Uganda: a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Review
- Evaluating the gap in rapid diagnostic testing: insights from subnational Kenyan routine health data.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Brucellosis testing patterns at health facilities in Arusha region, northern Tanzania.PloS one · 2022Article
- Availability of essential diagnostics in ten low-income and middle-income countries: results from national health facility surveys.The Lancet. Global health · 2021Article
- The costs of delivering emergency care at regional referral hospitals in Uganda: a micro-costing study.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- African countries established COVID-19 testing in one month: Here's how they did it.African journal of laboratory medicine · 2021Article
- Point of Care Diagnostics in Resource-Limited Settings: A Review of the Present and Future of PoC in Its Most Needed Environment.Biosensors · 2020Review
- Redefining typhoid diagnosis: what would an improved test need to look like?BMJ global health · 2019Article
- Subtyping of non-small cell lung cancer by cytology specimens: A proposal for resource-poor hospitals.CytoJournal · 2019Article
- Exploring the Case for a Global Alliance for Medical Diagnostics Initiative.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- Health care workers' perceptions of point-of-care testing in a low-income country-A qualitative study in Southwestern Uganda.PloS one · 2017Article
- Antimicrobial-resistant infections among postpartum women at a Ugandan referral hospital.PloS one · 2017Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundDiagnostic laboratory tests are routinely defined in terms of their sensitivity, specificity, and ease of use. But the actual clinical impact of a diagnostic test also depends on its availability and price. This is especially true in resource-limited settings such as sub-Saharan Africa. We present a first-of-its-kind report of diagnostic test types, availability, and prices in Kampala, Uganda.
methodsTest types (identity) and availability were based on menus and volumes obtained from clinical laboratories in late 2011 in Kampala using a standard questionnaire. As a measure of test availability, we used the Availability Index (AI). AI is the combined daily testing volumes of laboratories offering a given test, divided by the combined daily testing volumes of all laboratories in Kampala. Test prices were based on a sampling of prices collected in person and via telephone surveys in 2015.
findingsTest volumes and menus were obtained for 95% (907/954) of laboratories in Kampala city. These 907 laboratories offered 100 different test types. The ten most commonly offered tests in decreasing order were Malaria, HCG, HIV serology, Syphilis, Typhoid, Urinalysis, Brucellosis, Stool Analysis, Glucose, and ABO/Rh. In terms of AI, the 100 tests clustered into three groups: high (12 tests), moderate (33 tests), and minimal (55 tests) availability. 50% and 36% of overall availability was provided through private and public laboratories, respectively. Point-of-care laboratories contributed 35% to the AI of high availability tests, but only 6% to the AI of the other tests. The mean price of the most commonly offered test types was $2.62 (range $1.83-$3.46).
interpretationOne hundred different laboratory test types were in use in Kampala in late 2011. Both public and private laboratories were critical to test availability. The tests offered in point-of-care laboratories tended to be the most available tests. Prices of the most common tests ranged from $1.83-$3.46.
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