Observational studyInternational urogynecology journal2016
Risk factors for severe obstetric perineal lacerations.
Observational study in International urogynecology journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Skin Glues Compared to Running Sutures for Perineal Skin Repair After Vaginal Delivery. A Randomized Controlled Trial
Physiotherapeutic Protocol Compared to Usual Care in the Treatment of Postpartum Primiparas After Perineal Trauma: A Type 1 Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Randomized Controlled Trial With Economic Evaluation
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Episiotomy Practice and Associated Factors in Brazil: A Systematic Review.Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative effectiveness of physical interventions for preventing perineal trauma during vaginal delivery: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Selective episiotomy versus no episiotomy for severe perineal trauma: a systematic review with meta-analysis.International urogynecology journal · 2020Pooled it
- Perineal massage and training reduce perineal trauma in pregnant women older than 35 years: a randomized controlled trial.International urogynecology journal · 2020Trial
- Episiotomy and the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury in nulliparous women with a prolonged second stage.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Article
- The Prevalence of Perineal Tears Among Women Having Spontaneous Vaginal Births with Intrapartum Fever.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Contemporary Trends in Operative Vaginal Delivery and Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries from 2016-2023.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Perspective on Perinatal Birth Canal Injuries: An Analysis of Risk Factors, Injury Mechanisms, Treatment Methods, and Patients' Quality of Life: A Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Epidemiology, etiology and treatment of female vaginal injury.Reproductive health · 2025Review
- Prevalence of vaginal laxity in primiparous women six months after birth.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2025Article
- Assessing access to care in a postpartum pelvic floor healing clinic.Frontiers in urology · 2025Article
- Parenting stress after perineal tear during childbirth: the role of physical health and depressive symptoms.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Effects of Perineal Warm Compresses during the Second Stage of Labor on Reducing Perineal Trauma and Relieving Postpartum Perineal Pain in Primiparous Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Pelvic floor function after third and fourth degree perineal lacerations: a case-control study on quality of life.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with the perception of perineal laceration: a cross-sectional study with data from the Nascer no Brasil Survey, 2011 and 2012.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2024Article
- The association of maternal obesity and obstetric anal sphincter injuries at time of vaginal delivery.AJOG global reports · 2023Article
- Knowledge, attitude and acceptability regarding antenatal perineal massage in Thai pregnant women.International urogynecology journal · 2023Article
- Childbirth simulation to assess cephalopelvic disproportion and chances for failed labor in a French population.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Review
- Prevalence of Perineal Tear Peripartum after Two Antepartum Perineal Massage Techniques: A Non-Randomised Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisThe aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of severe perineal lacerations in vaginal delivery and its relationship with predisposing clinical and obstetric factors.
methodsA retrospective cohort analysis using an electronic clinical database at a University Referral Center for high-risk pregnancies was performed. A total of 941 vaginal deliveries were analyzed, over 10 consecutive months in 2013 and 2014. The relationship between obstetric and clinical characteristics and lacerations, especially severe forms, was analyzed. The frequency and severity of birth canal lacerations were compiled and classified as mild (unintentional laceration grades I and II, and mediolateral episiotomy) and severe (grades III and IV). The crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated in univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.
resultsThe overall incidence of perineal lacerations in vaginal delivery was 78.2% (n = 731). Lacerations were considered mild in 708 women (75.7%) and severe in 23 women (2.5%). Maternal age, parity, use of forceps, mediolateral episiotomy, and birth weight influenced the occurrence of some degree of tear. The chance of severe lacerations increased 1.77-fold per week with the gestational age (1.03-3.03, P = 0.025), while primiparity increased the chance of laceration 5.32-fold. Episiotomy did not show a protective effect against severe laceration occurrence (P = 0.999).
conclusionsSevere perineal lacerations were associated with operative delivery, primiparity, gestational age, and epidural anesthesia. Episiotomy was not protective.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.