Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26223866›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2015

HIV, Hepatitis B and C among people who inject drugs: high prevalence of HIV and Hepatitis C RNA positive infections observed in Delhi, India.

Lopamudra Ray Saraswati, Avina Sarna, Mary Philip Sebastian, Vartika Sharma, Ira Madan, Ibou Thior, Julie Pulerwitz, Waimar Tun

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Lopamudra Ray SaraswatiPopulation Council, Zone 5A, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, 110003, India. lsaraswati@popcouncil.org.
Avina SarnaPopulation Council, Zone 5A, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, 110003, India. asarna@popcouncil.org.
Mary Philip SebastianPopulation Council, Zone 5A, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, 110003, India. mphsebastian@gmail.com.
Vartika SharmaPopulation Council, Zone 5A, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, 110003, India. vs.vartikas@gmail.com.
Ira MadanSahara Center for Residential Care and Rehabilitation, New Delhi, India. iramadan@gmail.com.
Ibou ThiorARISE Project, PATH, Washington, DC, USA. ithior@path.org.
Julie PulerwitzARISE Project, PATH, Washington, DC, USA. jpulerwitz@popcouncil.org.
Waimar TunPopulation Council, Washington, DC, USA. wtun@popcouncil.org.
Population Council · INProgram for Appropriate Technology in Health · USIndia Habitat Centre · INPopulation Council · USSahara Hospital · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIndia has large PWID (persons who inject drugs) population estimated at 177,000. PWIDs are at high risk for HIV, Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) infections. We report the prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV infections and correlates of HIV-HCV co-infection among male PWIDs in Delhi.

methods3748 male PWIDs were recruited for a longitudinal HIV incidence study. Participants were tested for HBV and HCV infections at their first follow-up visit (FV1) using serum HBV-surface antigen, and HCV-antibody tests followed by HCV RNA PCR, respectively. All PWIDs who were HIV-negative at enrollment, were re-tested for HIV at FV1. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to identify predictors of HIV, HCV and HIV-HCV co-infection.

resultsOverall prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV among 2,292 participants tested at FV1 was 25.9%, 9.7% and 53.7%, respectively. 6.4% of the participants had HIV mono-infection, 34.1% had HCV mono-infection, and 19.6% had HIV-HCV co-infection. 26% of HIV-positive participants without HCV were HBsAg positive. In the regression model, having practiced at least one risky injection in the past month (relative risk ratio (RRR): 1.38; 95% CI: 1.01-1.89) and not knowing his own HIV status (RRR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.25-2.17) were independent predictors for HIV-HCV co-infection. Longer duration of drug injections was associated with a higher likelihood of HCV mono-infection (2-5 years RRR: 2.13; 6-10 years RRR: 2.74; ≥11 years RRR: 3.14) and HIV-HCV co-infection (2-5 years RRR: 5.14; 6-10 years RRR: 8.53; >11 years RRR: 8.03). Higher frequency of injection days/month was associated with a higher likelihood of HCV mono-infection (≤10 days/month RRR: 1.61; 11-20 days/month RRR: 3.15; 21-30 days/month RRR: 3.47) and HIV-HCV co-infections (≤10 days/month RRR: 2.26; 11-20 days/month RRR: 3.46; 21-30 days/month RRR: 4.83).

conclusionsWe report a high prevalence of HIV, HCV and HIV-HCV co-infection among male PWIDs in Delhi. A tenth of the participants were HBsAg positive. Targeted Intervention programs should make HBV/HCV testing, prevention and care more accessible for PWIDs.

Indexed as

AdultCoinfectionFemaleHepatitis BHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatitis CHepatitis C AntibodiesHIV InfectionsHumansIncidenceIndiaMalePrevalenceRegression AnalysisRNA, ViralSerologic TestsHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatitis C AntibodiesRNA, Viral

Identifiers

PMID26223866
PMCPMC4520270
OpenAlexW1707290380

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.