ArticleThe Journal of comparative neurology2016
Conserved size and periodicity of pyramidal patches in layer 2 of medial/caudal entorhinal cortex.
Article in The Journal of comparative neurology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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24 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- NMDA receptor antagonist induced c-Fos expression in the medial entorhinal cortex during postnatal development.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2025Article
- Reelin differentially shapes dendrite morphology of medial entorhinal cortical ocean and island cells.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
- Anatomy of superior olivary complex and lateral lemniscus in Etruscan shrew.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Dissecting cell-type-specific pathways in medial entorhinal cortical-hippocampal network for episodic memory.Journal of neurochemistry · 2023Review
- Microcircuits for spatial coding in the medial entorhinal cortex.Physiological reviews · 2022Review
- Wolframin-1-expressing neurons in the entorhinal cortex propagate tau to CA1 neurons and impair hippocampal memory in mice.Science translational medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- The entorhinal cortex of the monkey: VI. Organization of projections from the hippocampus, subiculum, presubiculum, and parasubiculum.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2021Article
- Molecular characterization of selectively vulnerable neurons in Alzheimer's disease.Nature neuroscience · 2021Article
- Laminar Organization of the Entorhinal Cortex in Macaque Monkeys Based on Cell-Type-Specific Markers and Connectivity.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2021Article
- Molecular Characterization of Superficial Layers of the Presubiculum During Development.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2021Article
- Differentiation of mild cognitive impairment using an entorhinal cortex-based test of virtual reality navigation.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2019Article
- Entorhinal Layer II Calbindin-Expressing Neurons Originate Widespread Telencephalic and Intrinsic Projections.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2019Article
- Inhibitory Connectivity Dominates the Fan Cell Network in Layer II of Lateral Entorhinal Cortex.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2018Article
- Article
- Stereological analysis of the rhesus monkey entorhinal cortex.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2018Article
- Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2018Article
- Cerebellins are differentially expressed in selective subsets of neurons throughout the brain.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2017Article
- Architecture of the Entorhinal Cortex A Review of Entorhinal Anatomy in Rodents with Some Comparative Notes.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2017Review
- Complementary Modular Microcircuits of the Rat Medial Entorhinal Cortex.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To understand the structural basis of grid cell activity, we compare medial entorhinal cortex architecture in layer 2 across five mammalian species (Etruscan shrews, mice, rats, Egyptian fruit bats, and humans), bridging ∼100 million years of evolutionary diversity. Principal neurons in layer 2 are divided into two distinct cell types, pyramidal and stellate, based on morphology, immunoreactivity, and functional properties. We confirm the existence of patches of calbindin-positive pyramidal cells across these species, arranged periodically according to analyses techniques like spatial autocorrelation, grid scores, and modifiable areal unit analysis. In rodents, which show sustained theta oscillations in entorhinal cortex, cholinergic innervation targeted calbindin patches. In bats and humans, which only show intermittent entorhinal theta activity, cholinergic innervation avoided calbindin patches. The organization of calbindin-negative and calbindin-positive cells showed marked differences in entorhinal subregions of the human brain. Layer 2 of the rodent medial and the human caudal entorhinal cortex were structurally similar in that in both species patches of calbindin-positive pyramidal cells were superimposed on scattered stellate cells. The number of calbindin-positive neurons in a patch increased from ∼80 in Etruscan shrews to ∼800 in humans, only an ∼10-fold over a 20,000-fold difference in brain size. The relatively constant size of calbindin patches differs from cortical modules such as barrels, which scale with brain size. Thus, selective pressure appears to conserve the distribution of stellate and pyramidal cells, periodic arrangement of calbindin patches, and relatively constant neuron number in calbindin patches in medial/caudal entorhinal cortex.
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