ArticleHIV medicine2016
Late presentation to HIV testing is overestimated when based on the consensus definition.
Article in HIV medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-country study on the impact of a revised consensus definition of late HIV diagnosis, Europe, 2022 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- New HIV diagnoses and risk factors for late HIV diagnosis, Finland, 2008-2023.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- Reevaluating late HIV diagnosis incorporating recent infection evidence: a population-based study in Southwest China (2020-2023).BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Risk factors for late HIV diagnosis in England, 2015-2023.HIV medicine · 2026Article
- Recent HIV Infections in Italy: Data from the HIV National Surveillance System, 2012-2023.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Determinants of Late HIV Diagnosis and Advanced HIV Disease Among People Living with HIV in Tanzania.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Late Diagnosis in HIV with New and Old Definitions; Data from a Regional Hospital in Turkey.International journal of general medicine · 2023Article
- Re-assessing the late HIV diagnosis surveillance definition in the era of increased and frequent testing.HIV medicine · 2022Article
- Late diagnosis of HIV: An updated consensus definition.HIV medicine · 2022Article
- Identification of risk factors associated with national transmission and late presentation of HIV-1, Denmark, 2009 to 2017.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2021Article
- Late presentation for HIV remains a major health issue in Spain: Results from a multicenter cohort study, 2004-2018.PloS one · 2021Article
- Characterisation of HIV-1 transmission clusters and drug-resistant mutations in Denmark, 2004 to 2016.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2018Article
- AIDS Therapy Evaluation in the Netherlands (ATHENA) national observational HIV cohort: cohort profile.BMJ open · 2018Observational
- Late presentation to HIV/AIDS care at the Douala general hospital, Cameroon: its associated factors, and consequences.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Decision tree for accurate infection timing in individuals newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
- The risk of late or advanced presentation of HIV infected patients is still high, associated factors evolve but impact on overall mortality is vanishing over calendar years: results from the Italian MASTER Cohort.BMC public health · 2016Article
- Defining neonatal sepsis.Current opinion in pediatrics · 2016Review
- International Congress of Drug Therapy in HIV Infection 23-26 October 2016, Glasgow, UK.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2016Article
- Good continuum of HIV care in Belgium despite weaknesses in retention and linkage to care among migrants.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 13 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesIn 2011, a consensus was reached defining "late presenters" (LPs) as individuals presenting for care with a CD4 count < 350 cells/μL or with an AIDS-defining event, regardless of CD4 count. However, a transient low CD4 count is not uncommon in recent infections. The objective of this study was to investigate how measurements of late presentation change if the clinical stage at the time of diagnosis is taken into account.
methodsCase surveillance data for newly diagnosed patients in Belgium in 1998-2012 were analysed, including CD4 count at diagnosis, the presence of AIDS-defining events, and recent infections (< 6 months) as reported by clinicians in the case of acute illness or a recent negative test. First, proportions of LPs were calculated according to the consensus definition. Secondly, LPs were reclassified as "nonlate" if infections were reported as recent.
resultsA total of 7949 HIV diagnoses were included in the study. Recent infections were increasingly reported over time, accounting for 8.2% of new infections in 1998 and 37.5% in 2012. The consideration of clinical stage significantly modified the proportion of LPs: 18.2% of men who have sex with men (MSM) diagnosed in 2012 would be classified as LPs instead of 30.9% using the consensus definition (P < 0.001). The proportion of patients misclassified as LPs increased significantly over time: 5% in MSM in 1998 vs. 41% in 2012.
conclusionsThis study suggests that low CD4 counts in recent infections may lead to overestimation of late presentation when applying the consensus definition. The impact of transient CD4 count on late presentation estimates should be assessed and, if relevant, the introduction of clinical stage in the definition of late presentation should be considered.
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