ArticleJAMA psychiatry2015
Association Between Social Integration and Suicide Among Women in the United States.
Article in JAMA psychiatry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Are Daily Well-Being and Emotional Reactivity to Stressors Modifiable in Midlife?: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial of an Online Social Intelligence Training Program.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2023Trial
- A Pilot Randomized Trial of Engage Psychotherapy to Increase Social Connection and Reduce Suicide Risk in Later Life.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2021Trial
- Longitudinal social-interpersonal functioning among higher-risk responders to acute-phase cognitive therapy for recurrent major depressive disorder.Journal of affective disorders · 2016Trial
- Domains of Functional Impairment and Their Associations with Thwarted Belonging and Perceived Burden in Older Adults.Clinical gerontologistTrial
- Social cohesion, social capital and mental health: current evidence and future research directions.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
- Marital Status, Social Integration, and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in the Military Health and Well-Being Project.Journal of clinical psychology · 2026Article
- The 5D indicators of suicide risk in older adults who are lonely.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025Article
- Towards an Interdisciplinary Consensual Measure of Social Participation: From Scoping Review to Clustering Measurement.International review of social psychology · 2024Article
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- Diversity of social media use: Self-selection explains associations between using many platforms and well-being.PLOS digital health · 2023Article
- Social Network Diversity and Mental Health Among Mothers of Individuals With Autism.American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities · 2023Article
- Risk Factors Explaining Military Deaths From Suicide, 2008-2017:A Latent Class Analysis.Armed forces and society · 2023Article
- Social isolation and suicide risk: Literature review and perspectives.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2022Review
- Long-term Psychoactive Medications, Polypharmacy, and Risk of Suicide and Unintended Overdose Death Among Midlife and Older Women Veterans.Journal of general internal medicine · 2022Article
- Religious or spiritual coping, religious service attendance, and type 2 diabetes: A prospective study of women in the United States.Annals of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Linking suicide and social determinants of health in South Korea: An investigation of structural determinants.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Associations of Suicide Risk and Community Integration Among Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Social closeness and support are associated with lower risk of suicide among U.S. Army soldiers.Suicide & life-threatening behavior · 2021Article
- Social Disconnection in Late Life Suicide: An NIMH Workshop on State of the Research in Identifying Mechanisms, Treatment Targets, and Interventions.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
importanceSuicide is one of the top 10 leading causes of mortality among middle-aged women. Most work in the field emphasizes the psychiatric, psychological, or biological determinants of suicide.
objectiveTo estimate the association between social integration and suicide. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
participantsWe used data from the Nurses' Health Study, an ongoing nationwide prospective cohort study of nurses in the United States. Beginning in 1992, a population-based sample of 72 607 nurses 46 to 71 years of age were surveyed about their social relationships. The vital status of study participants was ascertained through June 1, 2010. EXPOSURES: Social integration was measured with a 7-item index that included marital status, social network size, frequency of contact with social ties, and participation in religious or other social groups. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome of interest was suicide, defined as deaths classified using the codes E950 to E959 from the International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision.
resultsDuring more than 1.2 million person-years of follow-up (1992-2010), there were 43 suicide events. The incidence of suicide decreased with increasing social integration. In a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model, the relative hazard of suicide was lowest among participants in the highest category of social integration (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.09-0.58]) and second-highest category of social integration (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.26 [95% CI, 0.09-0.74]). Increasing or consistently high levels of social integration were associated with a lower risk of suicide. These findings were robust to sensitivity analyses that accounted for poor mental health and serious physical illness. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Women who were socially well integrated had a more than 3-fold lower risk for suicide over 18 years of follow-up.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.