Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26222023›Full record

ArticleNature2015

HipBA-promoter structures reveal the basis of heritable multidrug tolerance.

Maria A Schumacher, Pooja Balani, Jungki Min, Naga Babu Chinnam, Sonja Hansen, Marin Vulić, Kim Lewis, Richard G Brennan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
133citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

133 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Association ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. A rational approach to discovering new persister control agents.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Surviving Colonies ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Evidence for a Functional HipBA Toxin-Antitoxin System inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  17. A link between aging and persistence.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Persistence phenotype of adherent-invasiveMicrobial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2025
    Article
  20. Review

73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Maria A SchumacherDepartment of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Pooja BalaniAntimicrobial Discovery Center, Northeastern University, Department of Biology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Jungki MinDepartment of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Naga Babu ChinnamDepartment of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Sonja HansenAntimicrobial Discovery Center, Northeastern University, Department of Biology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Marin VulićAntimicrobial Discovery Center, Northeastern University, Department of Biology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Kim LewisAntimicrobial Discovery Center, Northeastern University, Department of Biology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Richard G BrennanDepartment of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.

Funding

Super-persistent cells and the paradox of untreatable infectionsR01AI085585 · NIAID · NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY · PI LEWIS, KIM · 2009 to 2013
$5.2M
Deciphering fundamental biological processes involving protein-nucleic acid interactions at the molecular levelR35GM130290 · NIGMS · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI Maria Schumacher · 2019 to 2026
$4.9M
A GENOMICS APPROACH TO P. AERUGINOSA BIOFILMSR01GM061162 · NIGMS · TUFTS UNIVERSITY MEDFORD · PI LEWIS, KIM · 2000 to 2011
$4.2M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI085585NIAID NIH HHS T-R01 AI085585NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM061162NIGMS NIH HHS R01GM061162NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM130290
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multidrug tolerance is largely responsible for chronic infections and caused by a small population of dormant cells called persisters. Selection for survival in the presence of antibiotics produced the first genetic link to multidrug tolerance: a mutant in the Escherichia coli hipA locus. HipA encodes a serine-protein kinase, the multidrug tolerance activity of which is neutralized by binding to the transcriptional regulator HipB and hipBA promoter. The physiological role of HipA in multidrug tolerance, however, has been unclear. Here we show that wild-type HipA contributes to persister formation and that high-persister hipA mutants cause multidrug tolerance in urinary tract infections. Perplexingly, high-persister mutations map to the N-subdomain-1 of HipA far from its active site. Structures of higher-order HipA-HipB-promoter complexes reveal HipA forms dimers in these assemblies via N-subdomain-1 interactions that occlude their active sites. High-persistence mutations, therefore, diminish HipA-HipA dimerization, thereby unleashing HipA to effect multidrug tolerance. Thus, our studies reveal the mechanistic basis of heritable, clinically relevant antibiotic tolerance.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsCatalytic DomainCrystallography, X-RayDNA-Binding ProteinsDown-RegulationDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialDrug ToleranceEscherichia coliEscherichia coli ProteinsGene Expression Regulation, BacterialHumansModels, MolecularMutationOperonPhenotypePromoter Regions, GeneticAnti-Bacterial AgentsDNA-Binding ProteinsEscherichia coli ProteinshipA protein, E colihipB protein, E coli

Identifiers

PMID26222023
PMCPMC7502270

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.